“…Therefore, this inflammatory state triggers the secretion of macrophage chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 by macrophages, which can either sustain a macrophage-like phenotype in undifferentiated precursor cells or diminish the ability of adipocytes to further expand and store lipids, thus supporting a deleterious "vicious cycle" (7,8). Some recent studies reported that specific FA, such as saturated fatty acids (SFA) (9,10), monounsaturated fatty acids (11) and n6-polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (12) are involved in the pathophysiology of inflammation during obesity (1,2,13,14). In fact, a fat diet rich in SFA likely enhance circulating biomarkers of (pro) inflammation in health individuals (10), and in vitro studies showed that macrophages exposed to SFA increased pro-inflammatory gene expression and cytokine secretion, such as TNF-α and IL-6, and the chemokine CXCL1/KC (9).…”