Diets High in Protein or Saturated Fat Do Not Affect Insulin Sensitivity or Plasma Concentrations of Lipids and Lipoproteins in Overweight and Obese Adults

Chiu, Sally; Williams, Paul T.; Dawson, Taylor; Bergman, Richard N.; Stefanovski, Darko; Watkins, Steven M.; Krauss, Ronald M.

doi:10.3945/jn.114.197624

Cited by 32 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Although the amounts consumed in these studies were higher than Australian National Health and Medical Research Council dietary guidelines, which recommend 2.5 servings of dairy each day (24), typical intake in Australia is ,2 servings/d (25). Our data were partly consistent with that of Chiu et al (26) who showed, in a large study, that increasing predominantly dairy fat and dairy protein did not improve insulin sensitivity. Although no impairment of insulin sensitivity was shown, dairy branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) were related to fasting insulin concentrations and insulin clearance.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Red meat, dairy, and insulin sensitivity: a randomized crossover intervention study

Turner

Keogh

Clifton

2015

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background: Epidemiologic studies have linked high consumption of red and processed meat with risk of developing type 2 diabetes, whereas high dairy consumption has been associated with decreased risk, but interventions have been limited. Objective: We compared the effects on insulin sensitivity of consuming a diet high in lean red meat with minimal dairy, a diet high in primarily low-fat dairy (from milk, yogurt, or custard) with no red meat, and a control diet that contained neither red meat nor dairy. Design: A randomized crossover study was undertaken with 47 overweight and obese men and women divided into 2 groups as follows: those with normal glucose tolerance and those with impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance. Participants followed the 3 weight-stable dietary interventions for 4 wk with glucose, insulin, and C-peptide measured by using oral-glucose-tolerance tests at the end of each diet. Results: Fasting insulin was significantly higher after the dairy diet than after the red meat diet (P , 0.01) with no change in fasting glucose resulting in a decrease in insulin sensitivity after the highdairy diet (P , 0.05) as assessed by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). A significant interaction between diet and sex was observed such that, in women alone, HOMA-IR was significantly lower after the red meat diet than after the dairy diet (1.33 6 0.8 compared with 1.71 6 0.8, respectively; P , 0.01). Insulin sensitivity calculated by using the Matsuda method was 14.7% lower in women after the dairy diet than after the red meat diet (P , 0.01) with no difference between diets in men. C-peptide was not different between diets. Conclusion: In contrast to some epidemiologic findings, these results suggest that high consumption of dairy reduces insulin sensitivity compared with a diet high in lean red meat in overweight and obese subjects, some of whom had glucose intolerance. This trial was registered at the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry as ACTRN12613000441718.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Red meat, dairy, and insulin sensitivity: a randomized crossover intervention study

Turner

Keogh

Clifton

2015

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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“…In animal models an increase in intracellular fatty acyl-CoA and diacylglycerol concentrations decreased insulin-stimulated glucose transport activity by inhibiting insulin activation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activity [35]. In a recent large sample of overweight and obese adults [36], SFAs did not affect insulin sensitivity assessed by FSIGT. One hundred and fifty eight adults underwent a 4-week baseline diet [55%E carbohydrate, 15%E protein, 30%E fat (7% E saturated fat (SF)] and were then randomized to 4 weeks of either the baseline diet or 1 of 4 test diets containing 35% E carbohydrate and either 20%E or 30%E protein and either 7%E or 15%E SF mostly from dairy.…”

Section: Referencementioning

confidence: 98%

A review of potential metabolic etiologies of the observed association between red meat consumption and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus

2015

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“…The present study demonstrated that the substitution of ω-6 PUFAs for SFAs has no beneficial effects on TRL apoB-48 kinetics and postprandial lipemia in subjects with dyslipidemia associated with IR. Accordingly, accumulating evidence now suggests that the impact of dietary fat on postprandial lipoprotein metabolism and CVD risk factors is attenuated by IR (33)(34)(35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substitution of dietary ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids for saturated fatty acids decreases LDL apolipoprotein B-100 production rate in men with dyslipidemia associated with insulin resistance: a randomized controlled trial

Drouin‐Chartier

Tremblay

Lépine

et al. 2018

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background:The substitution of omega (ω)-6 (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for saturated fatty acids (SFAs) is advocated in cardiovascular disease prevention. The impact of this substitution on lipoprotein metabolism in subjects with dyslipidemia associated with insulin resistance (IR) remains unknown. Objective: In men with dyslipidemia and IR, we evaluated the impact of substituting ω-6 PUFAs for SFAs on the in vivo kinetics of apolipoprotein (apo) B-containing lipoproteins and on the intestinal expression of key genes involved in lipoprotein metabolism. Design: Dyslipidemic and IR men (n = 36) were recruited for this double-blind, randomized, crossover, controlled trial. Subjects consumed, in a random order, a fully controlled diet rich in SFAs (SFAs: 13.4% of energy; ω-6 PUFAs: 4.0%) and a fully controlled diet rich in ω-6 PUFAs (SFAs: 6.0%; ω-6 PUFAs: 11.3%) for periods of 4 wk, separated by a 4-wk washout period. At the end of each diet, the in vivo kinetics of apoB-containing lipoproteins were measured and the intestinal expression of key genes involved in lipoprotein metabolism was quantified in duodenal biopsies taken from each participant. Results: The substitution of ω-6 PUFAs for SFAs had no impact on TRL apoB-48 fractional catabolic rate ( = -3.8%, P = 0.7) and production rate ( = +1.2%, P = 0.9), although it downregulated the intestinal expression of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein ( = -18.4%, P = 0.006) and apoB ( = -16.6%, P = 0.005). The substitution of ω-6 PUFAs for SFAs decreased the LDL apoB-100 pool size ( = -7.8%; P = 0.005). This difference was attributed to a reduction in the LDL apoB-100 production rate after the substitution of ω-6 PUFAs for SFAs ( = -10.0%; P = 0.003). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the substitution of dietary ω-6 PUFAs for SFAs decreases the production and number of LDL particles in men with dyslipidemia and IR. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01934543.Am J Clin Nutr 2018;107:26-34.

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Diets High in Protein or Saturated Fat Do Not Affect Insulin Sensitivity or Plasma Concentrations of Lipids and Lipoproteins in Overweight and Obese Adults

Cited by 32 publications

References 68 publications

Red meat, dairy, and insulin sensitivity: a randomized crossover intervention study

Red meat, dairy, and insulin sensitivity: a randomized crossover intervention study

A review of potential metabolic etiologies of the observed association between red meat consumption and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Substitution of dietary ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids for saturated fatty acids decreases LDL apolipoprotein B-100 production rate in men with dyslipidemia associated with insulin resistance: a randomized controlled trial

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