Difference in SSR Variations Between Japanese Barnyard Millet (Echinochloa esculenta) and its Wild Relative E. crus-galli

Abstract

Simple sequence repeat (SSR) variations were investigated in the Japanese barnyard millet, Echinochloa esculenta, its wild relative, E. crus-galli var. crus-galli and the rice-mimicking weed E. crus-galli var. formosensis. E. esculenta showed less average gene diversity (H) based on observed SSR allele frequency (0.37) than either E. crus-galli var. crus-galli (0.56) or E. crus-galli var. formosensis (0.55). Accessions of the three Echinochloa taxa were categorized into 13 phenotypes from the combinations of SSR alleles. Only two phenotypes, phenotypes 1 and 4, were detected in 49 accessions of E. esculenta, whereas 12 phenotypes were observed in 94 accessions of E. crus-galli var. crus-galli, and six phenotypes in 12 accessions of E. crus-galli var. formosensis. The H′ value (Shannon's information index) for SSR phenotypes was 0.69 in E. esculenta, 1.47 in E. crus-galli var. formosensis and 1.90 in E. crus-galli var. crus-galli respectively. In cultivated barnyard millet, two phenotypes aggregated in particular areas of Japan; phenotype 4 was found in the central and northeastern part of Japan, while phenotype 1 in the northern and southern parts of Japan.

Comparative analysis of genetic diversity of 8 millet genera revealed by ISSR markers

“…These genetic and morphological differences in the Echinochloa species lead to taxonomic problems. Thus, many studies have attempted to understand the population genetic structures of some Echinochloa species, and have revealed their genetic diversity by using molecular markers (Asins et al, 1999;Roy et al, 2000;Rutledge et al, 2000;Tasrif et al, 2004;Altop and Mennan, 2011;Nozawa et al, 2006;Danquah et al, 2002). As with previous studies, the Echinochloa species in the present study were differentiated, and might confirm the theory of Yabuno (1966) and Scholz (1992), that the weedy Echinochloa crus-galli has its cultivated counterpart Echinochloa esculenta.…”

“…Current studies, based on DNA fingerprinting in millet species, have mainly been carried out for the identification of unknown accessions or genotypes within a single millet species (Supriya et al, 2011;Le Thierry d'Ennequin et al, 2000;Hu et al, 2009;Arya et al, 2013;Qin et al, 2005;Zeid et al, 2012, Nozawa et al, 2006Adoukonou-Sagbadja et al, 2010).…”

Phenolic Constituents and Their Anti-inflammatory Activity fromEchinochloa utilisGrains

“…5 The grains of this plant have excellent agricultural characteristics, including animal forage, easy cultivation, salt tolerance, drought resistance, cold tolerance, and assured crop harvest. 6,7 In several Asian countries, E. utilis grains are consumed in a manner similar to rice. Furthermore, they are used as a functional food to treat allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis.…”

Barnyard millet – a potential food and feed crop of future

“…SSR markers were used by Nozawa et al. () to study population structure and diversity of 155 accessions of barnyard millet including 49 from var. esculenta , 94 from var.…”