Difference in the Seawater Tolerance of Anadromous and Landlocked Populations of Arctic Char (<i>Salvelinus alpinus</i>)

Staurnes, Magne; Sigholt, Trygve; Lysfjord, Grete; Gulseth, Odd A.

doi:10.1139/f92-051

Cited by 45 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Maximal values for osmo-ionic variables in sea water were in the same range as those reported in Arctic charr for the same seasonal period of transfer (Finstad et al, 1989;Staurnes et al, 1992). These authors, however, observed a return of plasma osmolality and ion concentrations to values similar to those observed in freshwater controls despite a higher salinity than in our study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Seawater acclimation of diploid and triploid brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis), diploid Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus), and their diploid and triploid hybrids

Dumas

Audet

Blanc

et al. 1995

Journal of Fish Biology

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Seawater acclimation of diploid (FF) and triploid (F2F) brook charr Sulvtiinus ji~ntirztrh, diploid (AA) Arctic charr Salilelinus alpinus, and diploid (FA) and triploid (F2A) hybrids between female brook charr and male Arctic charr was investigated. Triploidization of brook charr and the hybrid did not have any effect on the acclimation. Seawater acclimation of the hybrid was achieved during the experimental period and was COmpdrdbk to that observed in brook charr. Acclimation could not be ascertained in Arctic charr since the level of cortisol, a stress indicator, was still high at the end of the experiment. N o relationship between either length or condition factors and plasma osmolality was observed. Elevated plasma cortisol concentrations in Arctic charr and in diploid or triploid hybrids, both in fresh water and sea water, indicate more favourable rearing conditions for brook charr.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Seawater acclimation of diploid and triploid brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis), diploid Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus), and their diploid and triploid hybrids

Dumas

Audet

Blanc

et al. 1995

Journal of Fish Biology

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“…However, this strain is considered to be closely related to the anadromous char in northern Norway. While Staurnes et al (1992) have recently shown that a landlocked population of Arctic char from northern Norway showed poorer hypoosmoregulatory ability during summer compared to an anadromous population, Schmitz (1992) has shown that the landlocked Hornavan strain used in the present study still possess the behavioural and physiological characteristics of an anadromous sea-run char. The fish were hatched at the National Swedish Board of Fisheries Research Station, Kilarne in spring 1988 and taken to the Umei Marine Research Centre,Norrbyn (63°35'N,19°50'E) in February 1990.…”

Section: Fishmentioning

confidence: 56%

Effect of androgens on seawater adaptation in Arctic char, Salvelinus alpinus

Schmitz

Mayer

1993

Fish Physiol Biochem

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Sexually immature two-year old Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) were implanted with Silastic capsules containing testosterone or 11-ketoandrostenedione in early spring. Seawater adaptability of the hormone-treated and sham-operated fish was tested periodically from May to August using a 48h seawater challenge test with 25‰ seawater. The sham-operated control fish displayed a seasonal pattern in seawater adaptation, showing a good hypoosmoregulatory ability until mid June followed by a marked increase in plasma sodium and magnesium levels in July and August. Gill Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity decreased concurrently with the observed decrease in seawater adaptability. Over the same period the androgen-treated fish displayed a similar pattern in seawater adaptability, however, in May and June the plasma sodium levels were significantly higher in both androgen-treated groups compared to the control group. Plasma magnesium regulation was impaired in both androgen-treated groups in August. Gill Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity in the testosterone-treated fish was lower in June compared to the control fish, whereas the activity was not affected by 11-ketoandrostenedione treatment. The results show that while androgens impair the hypoosmoregulatory capacity in Arctic char, the seasonal pattern of seawater adaptability is not affected.

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“…Studies focusing on growth, reproduction and osmoregulation, among other measures, have found reduced survival, growth and overall health of the freshwater populations in sea water compared with ancestral marine or anadromous populations; a pattern that is consistent with assimilation of plasticity in the freshwater populations (DeFaveri and Merilä, 2014;Marchinko and Schluter, 2007;McCairns and Bernatchez, 2010). Research on salmonids (Morgan and Iwama, 1991), Alewives (Velotta et al, 2014) and Arctic char (Staurnes et al, 1992), among others, also show a reduction of plasticity after the invasion of a static freshwater environment.…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 89%

Reciprocal osmotic challenges reveal mechanisms of divergence in phenotypic plasticity in the killifish Fundulus heteroclitus

Brennan

Gálvez

Whitehead

2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

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The killifish Fundulus heteroclitus is an estuarine species with broad physiological plasticity, enabling acclimation to diverse stressors. Previous work suggests that freshwater populations expanded their physiology to accommodate low salinity environments; however, it is unknown whether this compromises their tolerance to high salinity. We used a comparative approach to investigate the mechanisms of a derived freshwater phenotype and the fate of an ancestral euryhaline phenotype after invasion of a freshwater environment. We compared physiological and transcriptomic responses to high-and low-salinity stress in fresh and brackish water populations and found an enhanced plasticity to low salinity in the freshwater population coupled with a reduced ability to acclimate to high salinity. Transcriptomic data identified genes with a conserved common response, a conserved salinity-dependent response and responses associated with population divergence. Conserved common acclimation responses revealed stress responses and alterations in cell-cycle regulation as important mechanisms in the general osmotic response. Salinityspecific responses included the regulation of genes involved in ion transport, intracellular calcium, energetic processes and cellular remodeling. Genes diverged between populations were primarily those showing salinity-specific expression and included those regulating polyamine homeostasis and the cell cycle. Additionally, when populations were matched with their native salinity, expression patterns were consistent with the concept of 'transcriptomic resilience', suggesting local adaptation. These findings provide insight into the fate of a plastic phenotype after a shift in environmental salinity and help to reveal mechanisms allowing for euryhalinity.

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Difference in the Seawater Tolerance of Anadromous and Landlocked Populations of Arctic Char (Salvelinus alpinus)

Cited by 45 publications

References 20 publications

Seawater acclimation of diploid and triploid brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis), diploid Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus), and their diploid and triploid hybrids

Seawater acclimation of diploid and triploid brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis), diploid Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus), and their diploid and triploid hybrids

Effect of androgens on seawater adaptation in Arctic char, Salvelinus alpinus

Reciprocal osmotic challenges reveal mechanisms of divergence in phenotypic plasticity in the killifish Fundulus heteroclitus

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