Difference In Wingate Power Output In Response To Music As Motivation

Brooks, Kristal; Brooks, Kelly A; Brooks, William D.

doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000355924.52718.d9

Cited by 8 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Such work has produced mixed results ( 5 , 11 – 13 ). More relevant to the present study, Brooks and Brooks ( 4 ) examined the effects of music on WAnT performance showing a positive effect of motivational music on peak power, average power, and overall anaerobic power in male and female non-athletes (pooled data). In the present study, only female subjects were examined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concurrent Verbal Encouragement and Wingate Anaerobic Cycle Test Performance in Females: Athletes vs. Non-Athletes

Bullinger

Hearon

Gaines

et al. 2010

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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To examine the effect of concurrent verbal encouragement on the performance of the WAnT in female athletes vs. female non-athletes. College-age female subjects were recruited where ten of the subjects were intercollegiate athletes (ATH, n1=10) and the nine were non-athletes (NON, n2=9). The WAnT was novel to all subjects and the subjects were blinded to the study’s purpose. Prior to the experimental trials, subjects were measured for body composition and performed a familiarity WAnT trial without verbal encouragement. Subjects then performed the WAnT twice, once with concurrent verbal encouragement (VE) and once without (NVE), in a balanced cross-over design. Peak (PP) and mean power (MP), and total work (TW) were compared between ATH and NON across VE and NVE using an ANOVA (1 between, 1 within), α=0.05. ATH and NON did not differ (p>0.05) in age or body composition with the exception of fat-free mass which differed significantly (ATH=53.7±6.6, NON=46.1±5.7 kg) (p<0.05). A significant (p<0.05) main effect for ATH/NON was observed where ATH outperformed NON when pooled across VE/NVE trials for PP (ATH=13.0±1.4, NON=11.3±1.7 W·kg−1), MP (ATH=7.7±1.1, NON=6.7±0.9 W·kg-1) and TW (ATH=232±35, NON=201±26 J·kg−1). When pooled across all subjects (ATH and NON), the VE/NVE trials did not differ (p>0.05) for PP (VE=12.4±1.7, NVE=12.0±1.9 W·kg−1), MP (VE=7.3±1.1, NVE=7.2±1.2 W·kg−1) and TW (VE=219±33, NVE=215±35 J·kg−1). The ATH/NON interaction with VE/NVE was not significant (p>0.05). Concurrent verbal encouragement does not affect performance on the WAnT in females, nor does it affect WAnT performance in female athletes and non-athletes differently.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concurrent Verbal Encouragement and Wingate Anaerobic Cycle Test Performance in Females: Athletes vs. Non-Athletes

Bullinger

Hearon

Gaines

et al. 2010

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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“…The extent of this recruitment will be determined by a host of factors including, but not exclusively, the biological state of the athlete at the start of exercise (Hettinga et al, 2011) including the emotional state (Renfree et al, 2011), the extent of mental fatigue (Marcora et al, 2009), or sleep deprivation (Martin, 1981), the state of recovery from a previous exercise bout (Eston et al, 2007), the level of motivation and prior experience (Corbett et al, 2009; Foster et al, 2009; Mauger et al, 2009; Swart et al, 2009a; Micklewright et al, 2010), the degree of self-belief (Micklewright et al, 2010) including superstitious beliefs (Damisch et al, 2010). Factor specific to the event that alter performance include monetary reward (Cabanac, 1986), prior knowledge of the exercise end-point (Ansley et al, 2004a,b; Wittekind et al, 2011), and the presence of competitors (Wilmore, 1968) especially if they are of similar ability (Corbett et al, 2012).…”

Section: The Central Governor Model Of Exercise Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatigue is a Brain-Derived Emotion that Regulates the Exercise Behavior to Ensure the Protection of Whole Body Homeostasis

Noakes¹

2012

Front. Physio.

373

313

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An influential book written by A. Mosso in the late nineteenth century proposed that fatigue that “at first sight might appear an imperfection of our body, is on the contrary one of its most marvelous perfections. The fatigue increasing more rapidly than the amount of work done saves us from the injury which lesser sensibility would involve for the organism” so that “muscular fatigue also is at bottom an exhaustion of the nervous system.” It has taken more than a century to confirm Mosso’s idea that both the brain and the muscles alter their function during exercise and that fatigue is predominantly an emotion, part of a complex regulation, the goal of which is to protect the body from harm. Mosso’s ideas were supplanted in the English literature by those of A. V. Hill who believed that fatigue was the result of biochemical changes in the exercising limb muscles – “peripheral fatigue” – to which the central nervous system makes no contribution. The past decade has witnessed the growing realization that this brainless model cannot explain exercise performance. This article traces the evolution of our modern understanding of how the CNS regulates exercise specifically to insure that each exercise bout terminates whilst homeostasis is retained in all bodily systems. The brain uses the symptoms of fatigue as key regulators to insure that the exercise is completed before harm develops. These sensations of fatigue are unique to each individual and are illusionary since their generation is largely independent of the real biological state of the athlete at the time they develop. The model predicts that attempts to understand fatigue and to explain superior human athletic performance purely on the basis of the body’s known physiological and metabolic responses to exercise must fail since subconscious and conscious mental decisions made by winners and losers, in both training and competition, are the ultimate determinants of both fatigue and athletic performance.

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“…Thus, although there are studies that did not record any significant improvement in terms of APP [28,37], the vast majority point to an improvement in PP [27,36,38,39,41,42]. On the other hand, the results obtained in the different studies give rise to more controversy regarding AMP and FI [27,28,36,37], since some studies did not record some of these data [38,41,42], while in other studies they obtained both positive and negative results with regard to the effect of music on APP, AMP and FI production during the WAnT [28,36,37,43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there are few studies, as far as the author is aware, that have tended to focus on the effect of listening to music on supra-maximal anaerobic exercise [34,35], some studies have researched it during the WAnT [27,28,[36][37][38][39][40][41], with contradictory results. Thus, although there are studies that did not record any significant improvement in terms of APP [28,37], the vast majority point to an improvement in PP [27,36,38,39,41,42]. On the other hand, the results obtained in the different studies give rise to more controversy regarding AMP and FI [27,28,36,37], since some studies did not record some of these data [38,41,42], while in other studies they obtained both positive and negative results with regard to the effect of music on APP, AMP and FI production during the WAnT [28,36,37,43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Listening to Music on Wingate Anaerobic Test Performance. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Castañeda-Babarro

Marqués-Jiménez

Calleja-González

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Background: There are many athletes who like to listen to music while making a high intensity effort. However, research into the effects of listening to music on athletic performance has provided controversial results, and it is suggested that the timing and type of music might affect the anaerobic performance response. Purpose: The main aim of the current systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyze the effects while listening to music tasks via the 30 s Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT) on absolute performance and relative peak power (APP and RPP), absolute and relative mean power (AMP and RMP), and fatigue index (FI). Methods: PRISMA guidelines were used as a basis for conducting this systematic review, with inclusion criteria being set out according to the PICOS model. Computer-based literature research was undertaken until 10 March 2020 using the following online databases: PubMed/Medline, WOS, Cochrane Library, and Scopus. The literature was reviewed with regard to the effects of listening to music on the WAnT using several music variables on: APP, RPP, AMP, RMP and FI. Hedges’ g formula was used to calculate both standard mean differences and 95% confidence intervals, in order to establish continuous outcomes. Furthermore, the I2 statistic evaluated systematic differences (heterogeneity) together with a random effect meta-analysis model. Results: This systematic review included nine articles that researched into the effects of music on WAnT performance (six studies describe improvements in APP and/or RPP, four in AMP and/or RMP and three in FI). The random effects model was used to undertake a final meta-analysis, with standardized mean differences (SMD) and magnitude of standardized mean differences (MSMD) (Hedges’ g) being pooled accordingly. The resulting meta-analysis incorporated eight studies that had been previously published, with results showing that there were no apparent beneficial effects on APP (p = 0.09), AMP (p = 0.33) and FI (p = 0.46) as a consequence of listening to music. However, listening to music showed beneficial effects on RPP (SMD: 0.65; 95%: CI 0.35 to 0.96; MSMD: moderate; I2, 0%; p < 0.001) and RMP (SMD: 1.03; 95%: CI, 0.63 to 1.42; MSMD: trivial; I2, 0%; p < 0.001). Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis has shown that listening to music during the WAnT might physiologically enhance relative anaerobic exercise performance, although reasons remain speculative.

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Difference In Wingate Power Output In Response To Music As Motivation

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Concurrent Verbal Encouragement and Wingate Anaerobic Cycle Test Performance in Females: Athletes vs. Non-Athletes

Concurrent Verbal Encouragement and Wingate Anaerobic Cycle Test Performance in Females: Athletes vs. Non-Athletes

Fatigue is a Brain-Derived Emotion that Regulates the Exercise Behavior to Ensure the Protection of Whole Body Homeostasis

Effect of Listening to Music on Wingate Anaerobic Test Performance. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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