Difference of olfactory deficit in patients with acute episode of schizophrenia and major depressive episode

Chen, Ben; Klarmann, Rita; Israel, Matthias; Ning, Yuping; Colle, Romain; Hummel, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2019.08.004

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…It has been proposed that mental disorders are a continuum from unipolar depression to BD to typical SCZ (Crow, 1986). To date, studies found that MDD patients showed worse performance in OS (Chen et al, 2019), whereas OI was more severely impaired in patients with SCZ than in those with BD (Cumming et al, 2011). On the other hand, no differences in OI and OS were found between patients with unipolar and bipolar depression (Swiecicki et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Odour identification impairment is a trait but not a disease-specific marker for bipolar disorders: Comparisons of bipolar disorder with different episodes, major depressive disorder and schizophrenia

Lyu

et al. 2021

Aust N Z J Psychiatry

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Objective: Olfactory deficits have been reported in bipolar disorder, but this finding is controversial. This study investigated whether olfactory deficit can serve as a specific marker for bipolar disorder by comparing olfactory function in different mood episodes of bipolar disorder. We also compared olfactory function in bipolar disorder and other mental disorders – namely, major depressive disorder and schizophrenia. Methods: The study consisted of two experiments. Experiment 1 enrolled 175 bipolar disorder patients (70 depressed subgroup, 70 manic subgroup and 35 euthymic subgroup) and 47 controls. Experiment 2 enrolled the participants from Experiment 1, along with 85 major depressive disorder and 90 schizophrenia patients. The Sniffin’ Sticks test was used to evaluate odour identification ability and odour threshold (as a measure of odour sensitivity). The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Young Mania Rating Scale were used to assess depressive symptoms in all subjects and manic symptoms in bipolar disorder patients, respectively. We also used the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale to assess clinical symptoms in schizophrenia patients. Results: All three bipolar disorder patient subgroups (depressed, manic and euthymic subgroup) showed reduced odour identification ability compared to controls; however, only patients in the acute phase of a mood episode (depressed, and manic subgroup) showed impaired odour sensitivity. Clinical symptoms were negatively correlated with odour sensitivity but not odour identification ability. Bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder patients showed less odour identification and sensitivity impairment than schizophrenia patients. Conclusion: Odour sensitivity is a potential dopaminergic marker for distinguishing between bipolar disorder patients in acute phase vs remission, while odour identification is a trait but a nonspecific marker of bipolar disorder.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Odour identification impairment is a trait but not a disease-specific marker for bipolar disorders: Comparisons of bipolar disorder with different episodes, major depressive disorder and schizophrenia

Lyu

et al. 2021

Aust N Z J Psychiatry

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“…On the other hand, many brain areas related to emotional and cognitive processing overlap with the olfactory pathway (such as the hippocampus, insula, and orbitofrontal cortex), and there is a reciprocal interaction between olfactory dysfunction and emotional dysfunction 27 . Therefore, changes in olfaction can affect depressive symptoms 28 and depression can also lead to olfactory dysfunction 29 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The additive effect of late-life depression and olfactory dysfunction on the risk of dementia was mediated by hypersynchronization of the hippocampus/fusiform gyrus

et al. 2021

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Early detection of patients with late-life depression (LLD) with a high risk of developing dementia contributes to early intervention. Odor identification (OI) dysfunction serves as a marker for predicting dementia, but whether OI dysfunction increases the risk of dementia in LLD patients remains unclear. The present study aimed to explore the interactive effect of LLD and OI dysfunction on the risk of dementia and its underlying neuroimaging changes. One hundred and fifty-seven LLD patients and 101 normal controls were recruited, and data on their OI, cognition, activity of daily living (ADL), and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging were collected. Two × two factorial analyses were used to analyze the interactive effects of LLD and OI dysfunction on neuropsychological and neuroimaging abnormalities. Mediation analyses were used to explore whether abnormalities detected by neuroimaging mediated the the associations between OI and cognition/ADL. The results suggested that LLD and OI dysfunction exhibited additive effects on reduced ADL, global cognition and memory scores, as well as neuroimaging variables including (i) increased fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) in the right orbitofrontal cortex and right precentral cortex, and (ii) increased regional homogeneity (ReHo) in the left hippocampus/fusiform gyrus, etc. In addition, these increased fALFF and ReHo values were associated with reduced neuropsychological scores (ADL, global cognition, memory, and language). Moreover, ReHo of the left hippocampus/fusiform gyrus completely mediated the relationship between OI and ADL, and partially mediated the relationship between OI and global cognition. Overall, mediated by the hypersynchronization of the left hippocampus/fusiform gyrus, OI dysfunction may increase the risk of dementia in LLD patients.

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“…(3) The current study only involved an assessment of odor identification, because it is the strongest predictor of AD. However, significant associations between NPS and other aspects of olfaction (such as odor thresholds and odor discrimination) have also been reported in previous studies (Moberg et al, 2006;Pollatos et al, 2007;Chen et al, 2019). Future studies including odor thresholds and discrimination could provide a deeper understanding of how olfaction and NPS interact with each other in patients with AD/MCI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Numerous studies have found a close relationship between odor identification dysfunction and neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) such as depression, anxiety, and psychosis symptoms (Ropacki and Jeste, 2005 ; Moberg et al, 2014 ; Croy and Hummel, 2017 ; Kamath et al, 2018 ). With regard to affective symptoms, patients with olfactory loss are more likely to exhibit symptoms of depression and anxiety (Croy et al, 2010 ), and patients with major depression exhibit impaired odor identification (Chen et al, 2019 ). In addition, olfactory dysfunction recovers with the remission of depressive symptoms (Zucco and Bollini, 2011 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychiatric Symptoms Mediated the Relationship Between Odor Identification and Cognition in Alzheimer's Disease Spectrum: A Structural Equation Model Analysis

Wang

Chen

Zhong

et al. 2022

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Background: Odor identification dysfunction is an early predictor of the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), which are common in AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), are also associated with odor identification dysfunction. Whether NPS affect the specificity of using odor identification dysfunction to predict cognitive decline in AD and MCI remains unclear.Methods: Patients (233 with MCI and 45 with AD) and 45 healthy controls (HCs) underwent assessments of odor identification (Sniffin' Sticks), NPS (Neuropsychiatric Inventory-12), and cognitive function (global cognition, memory, language, executive function, visual-spatial skill, and attention). Structural equation modeling (SEM) with bootstrapping estimation was conducted to explore the relationships between odor identification, NPS, and cognition.Results: Patients with NPS showed significantly worse performance in odor identification and cognition than patients without NPS and HCs. The SEM showed odor identification to be positively associated with cognition, and cognition had special indirect effects on odor identification through affective and psychosis symptoms (two factors extracted from Neuropsychiatric Inventory-12). Additionally, affective and psychosis symptoms partially mediated the effect of cognition on odor identification.Conclusion: Neuropsychiatric symptoms are associated with odor identification dysfunction in patients with AD and MCI. Studies exploring the relationship between odor identification dysfunction and cognitive decline in patients with AD and MCI should include an assessment of affective and psychosis symptoms, and adjust their confounding effects.

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Difference of olfactory deficit in patients with acute episode of schizophrenia and major depressive episode

Cited by 15 publications

References 36 publications

Odour identification impairment is a trait but not a disease-specific marker for bipolar disorders: Comparisons of bipolar disorder with different episodes, major depressive disorder and schizophrenia

Odour identification impairment is a trait but not a disease-specific marker for bipolar disorders: Comparisons of bipolar disorder with different episodes, major depressive disorder and schizophrenia

The additive effect of late-life depression and olfactory dysfunction on the risk of dementia was mediated by hypersynchronization of the hippocampus/fusiform gyrus

Neuropsychiatric Symptoms Mediated the Relationship Between Odor Identification and Cognition in Alzheimer's Disease Spectrum: A Structural Equation Model Analysis

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