Differences among maize cultivars in the utilization of soil nitrate and the related losses of nitrate through leaching

Wiesler, Franz; Horst, Walter J.

doi:10.1007/bf00016284

Cited by 84 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The consistently low soil nitrate concentrations and limited variation in plant N accumulation at low crop N supply suggest that differences in NUpE among commercial cultivars are likely small when N supply is limiting. Genotypic variation in NUpE is commonly associated with variation in root volume or root length density in the subsoil (Wiesler and Horst 1993). The limited variation in NUpE in this study may be due in part to the limited rooting depth for potato.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Nitrogen use efficiency characteristics of commercial potato cultivars

Zebarth¹,

Tai²,

Tarn³

et al. 2004

Can. J. Plant Sci.

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

. 2004. Nitrogen use efficiency characteristics of commercial potato cultivars. Can. J. Plant Sci. 84: 589-598. One approach for reducing the contribution of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production to nitrate contamination of groundwater is to develop cultivars which utilize N more efficiently. In this study, variation in N use efficiency (NUE; dry matter production per unit crop N supply) characteristics of 20 commercial potato cultivars of North American and European origin were evaluated in 2 yr. Cultivars were grown with or without application of 100 kg N ha -1 as ammonium nitrate banded at planting. The recommended within-row spacing was used for each cultivar and no irrigation was applied. Plant dry matter and N accumulation were determined prior to significant leaf senescence. Crop N supply was estimated as fertilizer N applied plus soil inorganic N measured at planting plus apparent net soil N mineralization. Nitrogen use efficiency decreased curvilinearly with increasing crop N supply. Nitrogen use efficiency was lower for early-maturing cultivars compared to mid-season and late-maturing cultivars. A curvilinear relationship was obtained between plant dry matter accumulation and plant N accumulation using data for all cultivars. Deviations from this relationship were interpreted as variation in N utilization efficiency (NUtE; dry matter accumulation per unit N accumulation). Significant differences in NUtE were measured among cultivars of similar maturity. Nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUpE; plant N content per unit crop N supply) and soil nitrate concentration measured at plant harvest were uniformly low for all cultivars when crop N supply was limited, but varied among cultivars when N was more abundant. This suggests that potato cultivars vary more in terms of N uptake capacity (plant N accumulation in the presence of an abundant N supply) than in terms of NUpE. Les variétés ont été cultivées avec ou sans application latérale de 100 kg de N par hectare sous forme de nitrate d'ammonium. Les auteurs ont respecté l'écartement recommandé pour chaque cultivar et n'ont pas irrigué la culture. Ils ont déterminé la quantité de matière sèche dans la plante et l'accumulation de N avant une trop forte sénescence des feuilles. La quantité de N fournie aux plantes a été estimée à partir de l'engrais appliqué et de la concentration de N minéral dans le sol à la plantation, plus la minéral-isation nette apparente de cet élément. L'efficacité de l'assimilation de l'azote diminue de façon curviligne avec la hausse de la quantité de N disponible. Les cultivars hâtifs assimilent moins bien l'azote que les cultivars de mi-saison ou tardifs. Lorsqu'on analyse les données venant des différents cultivars, on remarque une relation curviligne entre la quantité de matière sèche et celle de N accumulées par la plante. Les écarts à cette relation sont attribués à une variation dans l'efficacité de l'assimilation du N (EAsN; accumulation de matière sèche par unité de N accumulée). L'EAsN présente d'importantes variations entre le...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Nitrogen use efficiency characteristics of commercial potato cultivars

Zebarth¹,

Tai²,

Tarn³

et al. 2004

Can. J. Plant Sci.

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…4; Barraclough, 1989;Kappen et al, 2000). The slight reduction at seed filling may reflect less root-growth activity in this root zone at this growth stage due to root decay as proposed by Wiesler and Horst (1993) and Barraclough (1989). Higher root mortality within the compartments is unlikely because the growth period of 16 d was less than the expected life span of a single root (Steingrobe et al, 2000).…”

Section: Root Production and Nitrate-uptake Activitymentioning

confidence: 90%

Root growth and N‐uptake activity of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars differing in nitrogen efficiency

Kamh

Wiesler

Ulaş

et al. 2005

Z. Pflanzenernähr. Bodenk.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nitrate‐N uptake from soil depends on root growth and uptake activity. However, under field conditions N‐uptake activity is difficult to estimate from soil‐N depletion due to different loss pathways. We modified the current mesh‐bag method to estimate nitrate‐N‐uptake activity and root growth of two oilseed‐rape cultivars differing in N‐uptake efficiency. N‐efficient cultivar (cv.) ‘Apex' and N‐inefficient cv. ‘Capitol' were grown in a field experiment on a silty clayey gleyic fluvisol near Göttingen, northern Germany, and fertilized with 0 (N0) and 227 (N227) kg N ha–1.In February 2002, PVC tubes with a diameter of 50 mm were installed between plant rows at 0–0.3 and 0–0.6 m soil depth with an angle of 45°. At the beginning of shooting, beginning of flowering, and at seed filling, the PVC tubes were substituted by PVC tubes (compartments) of the same diameter, but with an open window at the upper side either at a soil depth of 0–0.3 or 0.3–0.6 m allowing roots to grow into the tubes. Anion‐exchange resin at the bottom of the compartment allowed estimation of nitrate leaching. The compartments were then filled with root‐free soil which was amended with or without 90 mg N (kg soil)–1. The newly developed roots and nitrate‐N depletion were estimated in the compartments after the installing period (21 d at shooting stage and 16 d both at flowering and grain‐filling stages). Nitrate‐N depletion was estimated from the difference between NO$ _3^- $‐N contents of compartments containing roots and control compartments (windows closed with a membrane) containing no roots. The amount of nitrate leached from the compartments was quantified from the resin and has been taken into consideration in the calculation of the N depletion. The amount of N depleted from the compartments significantly correlated with root‐length density.Suboptimal N application to the crop reduced total biomass and seed‐yield formation substantially (24% and 38% for ‘Apex’ and ‘Capitol’, respectively). At the shooting stage, there were no differences in root production and N depletion from the compartments by the two cultivars between N0 and N227. But at flowering and seed‐filling stages, higher root production and accordingly higher N depletion was observed at N0 compared to N227. Towards later growth stages, the newly developed roots were characterized by a reduction of root diameter and a shift towards the deeper soil layer (0.3–0.6m). At low but not at high N supply, the N‐efficient cv. ‘Apex’ exhibited higher root growth and accordingly depleted nitrate‐N more effectively than the N‐inefficient cv. ‘Capitol’, especially during the reproductive growth phase. The calculated nitrate‐N‐uptake rate per unit root length was maximal at flowering (for the low N supply) but showed no difference between the two cultivars. This indicated that the higher N‐uptake efficiency of cv. ‘Apex’ was due to higher root growth rather than higher uptake per unit of root length.

show abstract

“…The key crop parameters are shown in Table 2. The values of the parameters describing maize development and leaf-and canopy photosynthesis were directly based on the measurements, whereas the values of the parameters involved in non-measured processes such as crop C conversion efficiency, maintenance respiration coefficients and crop N uptake were adjusted based on literature values (Choudhury 2001;Wiesler and Horst 1993;Yang et al 2004). Important crop growth processes controlled by piecewise linear functions in relation to DS were also adjusted ( Fig.…”

Section: Model Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced nitrogen leaching by intercropping maize with red fescue on sandy soils in North Europe: a combined field and modeling study

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aim To study maize (Zea mays L.) growth and soil nitrogen (N) dynamics in monocrop and intercropped systems in a North European climate and soil conditions with the support of a simulation model. Methods Field data for 3 years at two sites/soil types in Denmark and three main factors: (i) cropping history (maize or grass-clover), (ii) maize monocrop or intercropped with red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) and (iii) three fertilizer N rates, were used to calibrate and validate the DAISY model for simulation of crop growth and soil N dynamics. Field and model results were used to study the treatment effects on the maize systems. Results Intercropped maize had 15-37 % lower N leaching than monocrop maize. Maize intercropping following a maize crop was achieved without yield loss at the standard N rate or higher, while red fescue offset N leaching. Maize intercropping following grass-clover needed less N, thereby greatly reducing the N leaching. Conclusions The hypothesis that maize intercropping with fertilizer N rates applicable to monocrop maize decreases N leaching without significant yield loss was largely supported given the effect of cropping history and soil type. The applicability of DAISY was extended to provide better analyses of intercropping systems and complex management options to reduce N leaching across northern Europe.

show abstract

Differences among maize cultivars in the utilization of soil nitrate and the related losses of nitrate through leaching

Cited by 84 publications

References 22 publications

Nitrogen use efficiency characteristics of commercial potato cultivars

Nitrogen use efficiency characteristics of commercial potato cultivars

Root growth and N‐uptake activity of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars differing in nitrogen efficiency

Reduced nitrogen leaching by intercropping maize with red fescue on sandy soils in North Europe: a combined field and modeling study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About