“…Numerous evidences showed the contribution of gratitude to well-being (see Wood, Froh, & Geraghty, 2010 for a review). Furthermore, based on phase model of psychotherapy (Howard, Lueger, Maling, & Martinovich, 1993), enhanced well-being is a necessary condition for depressive symptom reduction to occur (Budge, Owen, Kopta, Minami, Hanson, & Hirsch, 2013;Callahan, Swift, & Hynan, 2006). That is, there are sequential relationships in the development of well-being and depression, with wellbeing qualities creating a foundation for reduction in maladjustment symptoms.…”