Differences in coordination and timing of pre-reaching upper extremity movements may be an indicator of cerebral palsy in infants with stroke: A preliminary investigation

Mazzarella, Julia; McNally, Michael P.; Chaudhari, Ajit M.W.; Pan, Xueliang; Heathcock, Jill C.

doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2019.12.024

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…7 Reach asymmetry appears to be one of the earliest signs of upper extremity dysfunction in high-risk infants and can be detected as early as 2 to 3 months of age. 7,26 Furthermore, reach development is dependent on postural stability and the ability to use anticipatory postural adjustments, which are impaired in high-risk infants. 27 Therefore, an infant' s overall neurological status has an effect on his or her ability to functionally use his or her upper extremity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination Clinical Use to Recommend Therapist Assessment of Functional Hand Asymmetries

Pietruszewski

Nelin

Batterson

et al. 2021

Pediatric Physical Therapy

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Purpose: To determine whether asymmetry scores derived from the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) can provide cutoff scores for recommending in-depth assessment of upper extremity functional deficits by therapists using the Hand Assessment for Infants (HAI). Methods: Observational study in a clinical laboratory with the HINE and the HAI administered concurrently to 101 infants 3 to 12 months corrected age developing typically or atypically. Predictive value of HINE asymmetry scores for atypical HAI was determined. Results: Total HINE asymmetry scores of 4 or greater had 100% sensitivity and 88% or greater specificity for identifying infants with an asymmetric HAI score of 3 or greater point difference between hands. Conclusions: For infants receiving a total HINE asymmetry score of 4 or greater, referral to therapists for HAI assessment may be beneficial to precisely evaluate function and determine the need for targeted upper extremity interventions. (Pediatr

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination Clinical Use to Recommend Therapist Assessment of Functional Hand Asymmetries

Pietruszewski

Nelin

Batterson

et al. 2021

Pediatric Physical Therapy

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“…At each session, movement was recorded at 120 Hz for nine 30 s trials: 3 with both hands free (bilateral; Figure 1 ), and 3 each with either arm constrained by the experimenter holding it against the infant’s side (constraint). The trial length was selected based on previous 3D motion capture studies of pre-reaching arm movements [ 13 , 17 , 36 ]. A toy was presented in front of the infant within arm’s reach at midline and shoulder height to stimulate upper extremity movement [ 13 , 17 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The trial length was selected based on previous 3D motion capture studies of pre-reaching arm movements [ 13 , 17 , 36 ]. A toy was presented in front of the infant within arm’s reach at midline and shoulder height to stimulate upper extremity movement [ 13 , 17 ]. The 3D position for each marker was calculated in Vicon Nexus 1.8.5 and low-pass filtered with a 4th order zero lag Butterworth filter, with a cutoff frequency of 4 Hz [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a need for objective measures of motor impairment in these infants for earlier, definitive diagnosis and a better understanding of the underlying pattern of impaired coordination which is a result of an injured, developing nervous system. 3D motion capture may offer a technology-based solution to detect the asymmetries and abnormal movement patterns in at-risk infants [ 12 , 13 ]. By measuring kinematic characteristics of pre-reaching movements, we might be able to use 3D motion capture to detect motor impairment prior to the emergence of clinical signs like an early arm preference or delayed onset of reaching.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A reaching movement is a movement of the hand that ends in a hand–toy contact, typically in a midline position, whereas a pre-reaching or spontaneous movement is any movement that does not meet the definition of a reach [ 17 ]. In research studies, these pre-reaching movements are often defined as movements toward a toy and against gravity [ 13 , 17 ]. Most typically developing infants demonstrate an onset of reaching in a midline position around 3–5 months of age [ 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D Motion Capture May Detect Spatiotemporal Changes in Pre-Reaching Upper Extremity Movements with and without a Real-Time Constraint Condition in Infants with Perinatal Stroke and Cerebral Palsy: A Longitudinal Case Series

Mazzarella

McNally

Richie

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Perinatal stroke (PS), occurring between 20 weeks of gestation and 28 days of life, is a leading cause of hemiplegic cerebral palsy (HCP). Hallmarks of HCP are motor and sensory impairments on one side of the body—especially the arm and hand contralateral to the stroke (involved side). HCP is diagnosed months or years after the original brain injury. One effective early intervention for this population is constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT), where the uninvolved arm is constrained by a mitt or cast, and therapeutic activities are performed with the involved arm. In this preliminary investigation, we used 3D motion capture to measure the spatiotemporal characteristics of pre-reaching upper extremity movements and any changes that occurred when constraint was applied in a real-time laboratory simulation. Participants were N = 14 full-term infants: N = six infants with typical development; and N = eight infants with PS (N = three infants with PS were later diagnosed with cerebral palsy (CP)) followed longitudinally from 2 to 6 months of age. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using 3D motion capture to identify the differences in the spatiotemporal characteristics of the pre-reaching upper extremity movements between the diagnosis group, involved versus uninvolved side, and with versus and without constraint applied in real time. This would be an excellent application of wearable sensors, allowing some of these measurements to be taken in a clinical or home setting.

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Spatial, But Not Temporal, Kinematics of Spontaneous Upper Extremity Movements Are Related to Gross and Fine Motor Skill Attainment in Infancy

Bican

Lowes

Alfano

et al. 2022

Journal of Motor Learning and Development

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Background: Spontaneous upper extremity movements in infancy provide insight on neuromotor development. Spatiotemporal kinematics have been used to evaluate typical development of reaching, a foundational motor skill in infancy. This study evaluates the relationship between spontaneous upper extremity movements, not elicited by a toy, and motor skill attainment. Methods: N = 12 healthy infants (2–8 months) participated in this longitudinal study (one to four sessions). Motor skills were assessed with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd Edition: gross motor subtest (GM) and fine motor subtest. Spontaneous upper extremity movements were collected using 3D motion capture technology. Infants were placed in supine for three to twelve 30-s trials, and their movements were recorded. Repeated measure correlation coefficients (Rmcorr) were used to evaluate relationships between variables. Results: There were significant, moderate, positive relationships between the straight distance from start to end of a movement and (a) fine motor score (Rmcorr = .55, p = .03), (b) GM score (Rmcorr = .63, p = .01), and (c) age (Rmcorr = .56, p = .02). There was a significant, moderate, negative relationship between straightness ratio and GM score (Rmcorr = −.52, p = .047). Discussion: Fine and GM skills are related to the straight distance from start to end of a movement and the straightness ratio of underlying spontaneous upper extremity movements.

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Differences in coordination and timing of pre-reaching upper extremity movements may be an indicator of cerebral palsy in infants with stroke: A preliminary investigation

Cited by 6 publications

References 40 publications

Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination Clinical Use to Recommend Therapist Assessment of Functional Hand Asymmetries

Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination Clinical Use to Recommend Therapist Assessment of Functional Hand Asymmetries

3D Motion Capture May Detect Spatiotemporal Changes in Pre-Reaching Upper Extremity Movements with and without a Real-Time Constraint Condition in Infants with Perinatal Stroke and Cerebral Palsy: A Longitudinal Case Series

Spatial, But Not Temporal, Kinematics of Spontaneous Upper Extremity Movements Are Related to Gross and Fine Motor Skill Attainment in Infancy

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