Differences in Environmental Information Acquisition from Urban Green—A Case Study of Qunli National Wetland Park in Harbin, China

Abstract

(1) Environmental education in an urban setting is crucial in terms of building a harmonious relationship between man and nature. As a kind of special ecological habitat, urban wetland parks provide convenience to enhance education on the natural environment. (2) In this study, we chose Harbin Qunli National Wetland Park in China as the subject, and analyzed the visual attention area with eye tracking to explore the differences in obtaining information about the natural environment in tourists with varying degrees of environmental concern and purposes of visit. A model connecting the perception preference and factors that affect visual attention of tourists was constructed. (3) Studies have shown that eco-society-hedonic tourists, who focus on parent–child activities, tend to pay more attention to wetland plants and prefer exploratory paths, while eco-hedonic tourists, whose main purposes are to relax and exercise, are more concerned about explanatory signs and enjoy flat scenic paths more. In addition, social tourists, who pay their visit for social activities, would care more about bird watching structures. (4) This research aims to assist in improving the legibility of environmental education space through the planning, design, and management of urban wetland parks, and explore the potential of landscape elements in enhancing public awareness.

Gender Differences and Optimizing Women’s Experiences: An Exploratory Study of Visual Behavior While Viewing Urban Park Landscapes in Tokyo, Japan

“…Referring to the study of Dupont, Antrop, and Van Eetvelde (2014) [43], a fixed position of the eyes for at least 100ms was considered fixation; a saccade was defined as an eye movement that moved the eyes to the next viewing position. Four major indicators were calculated: fixation count (FC), indicating the total number of fixation points in a photo; fixation duration average (FDA) [44], indicating the average time spent on each fixation; saccade count (SC), indicating the number of saccade behaviors per photo; and scan path length (SPL), indicating the total path length of the eye moving on the photo within 10 s of the photo being displayed [40].…”

Influence of Hospital Outdoor Rest Space on the Eye Movement Measures and Self-Rating Restoration of Staff

“…Based on defining AOI, three eye movement measures (EMM) commonly used in eye movement tracking technology were selected to explore the visual preferences of staffs: (1) TFF, which indicates the priority of the staffs' fixation on the elements in the picture ( 24 , 25 ), with a shorter fixation indicating easier recognition ( 26 ); (2) TFD, which indicates the sum of the staffs' fixation duration of a certain element ( 24 ), with a longer duration indicating greater interest and participation ( 27 , 28 ); and (3) APS, which could be used as a summative index of brain activity ( 29 ), and is related to the cognitive burden of staffs, with a greater cognitive burden indicating greater mental load ( 30 ).…”