Differences in fine-scale genetic structure and dispersal in Quercus ilex L. and Q. suber L.: consequences for regeneration of mediterranean open woods

Soto, Álvaro; Lorenzo, Zaida; Gil, Luis

doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6801007

Cited by 50 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Similar patterns of isolation-bydistance were previously reported for other comparisons of related species differing in niche breadth or details of life history (e.g. Brouat et al 2003;Soto et al 2007;OddouMuratorio et al 2010). However, most studies have been devoted to sessile plants, and there are only a few speciespair comparisons available for saproxylic invertebrates.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Isolation by distance in saproxylic beetles may increase with niche specialization

Oleksa

Chybicki

Gawroński³

et al. 2012

J Insect Conserv

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Species confined to temporally stable habitats are usually susceptible to habitat fragmentation, as living in long-lasting habitats is predicted to constrain evolution of dispersal ability. In Europe, saproxylic invertebrates associated with tree hollows are currently threatened due to the severe fragmentation of their habitat, but data on the population genetic consequences of such habitat decline are still scarce. By employing AFLP markers, we compared the spatial genetic structure of two ecologically and taxonomically related beetle species, Osmoderma barnabita and Protaetia marmorata (Cetoniidae). Both species are exclusively associated with tree hollows, but O. barnabita has a more restricted host preferences compared to P. marmorata. Analyses of spatial autocorrelation showed, in line with the predicted low dispersal potential of these saproxylic beetles, that both species are characterized by a strong kinship structure, which was more pronounced in the specialist O. barnabita than in the generalist P. marmorata. Individuals of both species sampled within single trees showed high relatedness (&0.50 in O. barnabita and &0.15 in P. marmorata). Interestingly, groups of pheromone-emitting O. barnabita males sampled on the same tree trunk were found to be full brothers. Whether this result can be explained by kin selection to increase attraction of conspecific females for mating or by severe inbreeding of beetles within individual tree hollows needs further study. Although our studied populations were significantly inbred, our results suggest that the dispersal ability of Osmoderma beetles may be one order of magnitude greater than suggested by previous dispersal studies and acceptable levels of habitat fragmentation for metapopulation survival may be bigger than previously thought.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Isolation by distance in saproxylic beetles may increase with niche specialization

Oleksa

Chybicki

Gawroński³

et al. 2012

J Insect Conserv

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“…Mother trees were randomly selected within each population. They were separated at least 150 m among each other, which is an enough distance to avoid familial structures (Soto et al 2007). Seeds were collected from native stands during the autumn and winter of the year 1996.…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting cork oak growth under dry conditions: local adaptation and contrasting additive genetic variance within populations

Ramírez‐Valiente

Valladares

Huertas

et al. 2010

Tree Genetics & Genomes

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Increased drought severity is expected in the Mediterranean Basin over the twenty-first century, but our understanding of the potential of most forest tree species to cope with it remains uncertain. In this study, (1) we examined the potential effects of long-term selection and the capacity to respond to future changes in selective pressures in three populations of cork oak (Quercus suber L.). For this purpose, we evaluated the response to dry conditions of 45 open-pollinated trees originating from populations in Morocco, Portugal, and Spain. Growth, leaf size, specific leaf area (SLA), carbon isotope discrimination (Δ 13 C), leaf nitrogen content (N mass ), and total chlorophyll content (Chl mass ) were measured in 9-year-old plants. (2) We also investigated the relationships between functional traits and aboveground growth by regression models. Plants presenting larger and more sclerophyllous leaves (low SLA and high leaf thickness) exhibited higher growths, with results suggesting that these traits are subjected to divergent selection in this species. Heritability estimates were moderately high for Δ 13 C (0.43±0.25-0.83±0.31) and stem diameter (0.40±0.15-0.71±0.28) for the tree populations. For the rest of the traits (except for annual growth), heritability values varied among populations, particularly for height, leaf size, leaf thickness, and N mass . Our results suggest that natural selection has led to local adaptations and has also affected the genetic variance intrapopulation in these cork oak populations, although studies with a higher number of populations should be carried out across different years. Additionally, the absence of significant genetic correlations and the fact that correlated traits did not undergo opposing selection provided little evidence for constraints on evolution caused by genetic correlations.

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“…Five mixed woods were more intensively sampled (775 individuals). Two of them (Castilla-La Mancha and Sicily) include part of the individuals used in Soto et al (2007) and Burgarella et al (2007). In the mixed population of Minorca, the sample includes all existing cork oaks on the island (67 individuals).…”

Section: Sampling Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of hybrids in nature: application to oaks (Quercus suber and Q. ilex)

et al. 2009

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Powerful and accurate detection of first-generation (F1) hybrids and backcrosses in nature is needed to achieve a better understanding of the function and dynamics of introgression. To document the frequency of ongoing interspecific gene exchange between two Mediterranean evergreen oaks, the cork oak (Quercus suber) and the holm oak (Q. ilex), we analyzed 1487 individuals originating from across the range of the two species using eight microsatellite loci and two Bayesian clustering approaches (implemented in the programs STRUCTURE and NEWHY-BRIDS). Simulated data were used to assess the differences between the two clustering methods and to back up the choice of the threshold value for the posterior probability to discriminate admixed from pure individuals. We found that the use of STRUCTURE resulted in the highest power to detect hybrids, whereas NEWHYBRIDS provided the highest accuracy. Irrespective of the approach, the two species were clearly distinguished as independent genetic entities without any prior information. In contrast with previous reports, we found no evidence for unidirectional introgression. The overall hybridization rate was very low (o2% of introgressed individuals). Only two individuals were identified as F1 hybrids and five as early backcrosses. This work shows that the combined application of the two complementary Bayesian approaches and their systematic validation with simulations, fit for the case at hand, helps gain resolution in the identification of admixed individuals.

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Differences in fine-scale genetic structure and dispersal in Quercus ilex L. and Q. suber L.: consequences for regeneration of mediterranean open woods

Cited by 50 publications

References 39 publications

Isolation by distance in saproxylic beetles may increase with niche specialization

Isolation by distance in saproxylic beetles may increase with niche specialization

Factors affecting cork oak growth under dry conditions: local adaptation and contrasting additive genetic variance within populations

Detection of hybrids in nature: application to oaks (Quercus suber and Q. ilex)

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