Differences in pigment composition, photosynthetic rates and chlorophyll fluorescence images of sun and shade leaves of four tree species

Lichtenthaler, Hartmut K.; Ač, Alexander; Marek, Michal V.; Kalina, J.; Urban, Otmar

doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2007.04.006

Cited by 294 publications

(220 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Since higher SLW is expected in high light grown leaves (Krall et al, 1995;Murchie and Horton, 1997;Portes et al, 2006), this unexpected result can be explained by the differences between leaf thickness in sun and shade leaves. Lichtenthaler et al (2007) also verified higher total Chl (a+b) contents per unit of leaf area in sun leaves and needles in the four tree species studied; however when expressed on a dry matter basis, shade leaves and needles presented higher Chl a+b content.…”

Section: Light and Co 2 Response Curvessupporting

confidence: 67%

Evidence of higher photosynthetic plasticity in the early successional Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. compared to the late successional Hymenaea courbaril L. grown in contrasting light environments

Portes

Damineli²,

Ribeiro³

et al. 2010

Braz. J. Biol.

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The present study investigated changes in photosynthetic characteristics of Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. (early successional species) and Hymenaea courbaril L. (late successional species) grown in contrasting light conditions as a way of assessing photosynthetic plasticity. Early successional species typically inhabit gap environments being exposed to variability in multiple resources, hence it is expected that these species would show higher photosynthetic plasticity than late successional ones. In order to test this hypothesis, light and CO 2 response curves and chlorophyll content (Chl) were measured in plants grown in high and low light environments. G. ulmifolia presented the highest amounts of both Chl a and b, especially in the low light, and both species presented higher Chl a than b in both light conditions. The Chl a/b ratio was higher in high light leaves of both species and greater in G. ulmifolia. Taken together, these results evidence the acclimation potential of both species, reflecting the capacity to modulate light harvesting complexes according to the light environment. However, G. ulmifolia showed evidence of higher photosynthetic plasticity, as indicated by the greater amplitude of variation on photosynthetic characteristics between environments shown by more significant shade adjusted parameters (SAC) and principal component analysis (PCA). Thus, the results obtained were coherent with the hypothesis that the early successional species G. ulmifolia exhibits higher photosynthetic plasticity than the late successional species H. courbaril.Keywords: leaf gas exchange, light and CO 2 photosynthetic responses, photosynthetic plasticity, plant ecophysiology, tropical forest succession. Evidências de maior plasticidade fotossintética na pioneira

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Section: Light and Co 2 Response Curvessupporting

confidence: 67%

Evidence of higher photosynthetic plasticity in the early successional Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. compared to the late successional Hymenaea courbaril L. grown in contrasting light environments

Portes

Damineli²,

Ribeiro³

et al. 2010

Braz. J. Biol.

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“…In young H. prostrata leaves, pheophytin was highly abundant while chlorophylls only accumulated as the leaves matured, a situation similar to that found in maize, where pheophytin accumulates in etiolated leaves prior to light-regulated conversion into chlorophyll (Ignatov and Litvin, 1995). The chlorophyll a/b ratio was also very low in young H. prostrata leaves (Sulpice et al, 2014) and resembled ratios found in shade leaves, with 2-fold lower CO 2 assimilation rates (Lichtenthaler et al, 2007). In young leaves of H. prostrata, the low total chlorophyll and low chlorophyll a/b ratio are accompanied by a 10-fold lower photosynthetic capacity compared with maximum Rubisco activity in mature leaves (Lambers et al, 2012b;Sulpice et al, 2014).…”

Section: Young H Prostrata Leaves Show Delayed Development Of Functisupporting

confidence: 71%

Lipid Biosynthesis and Protein Concentration Respond Uniquely to Phosphate Supply during Leaf Development in Highly Phosphorus-Efficient Hakea prostrata

et al. 2014

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ORCID IDs: 0000-0002-6113-9570 (R.S.); 0000-0002-4118-2272 (H.L.); 0000-0002-3819-6358 (R.J.).Hakea prostrata (Proteaceae) is adapted to severely phosphorus-impoverished soils and extensively replaces phospholipids during leaf development. We investigated how polar lipid profiles change during leaf development and in response to external phosphate supply. Leaf size was unaffected by a moderate increase in phosphate supply. However, leaf protein concentration increased by more than 2-fold in young and mature leaves, indicating that phosphate stimulates protein synthesis. Orthologs of known lipid-remodeling genes in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) were identified in the H. prostrata transcriptome. Their transcript profiles in young and mature leaves were analyzed in response to phosphate supply alongside changes in polar lipid fractions. In young leaves of phosphate-limited plants, phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine and associated transcript levels were higher, while phosphatidylglycerol and sulfolipid levels were lower than in mature leaves, consistent with low photosynthetic rates and delayed chloroplast development. Phosphate reduced galactolipid and increased phospholipid concentrations in mature leaves, with concomitant changes in the expression of only four H. prostrata genes, GLYCEROPHOSPHODIESTER PHOSPHODIESTERASE1, N-METHYLTRANSFERASE2, NONSPECIFIC PHOSPHOLIPASE C4, and MONOGALACTOSYLDIACYLGLYCEROL3. Remarkably, phosphatidylglycerol levels decreased with increasing phosphate supply and were associated with lower photosynthetic rates. Levels of polar lipids with highly unsaturated 32:x (x = number of double bonds in hydrocarbon chain) and 34:x acyl chains increased. We conclude that a regulatory network with a small number of central hubs underpins extensive phospholipid replacement during leaf development in H. prostrata. This hardwired regulatory framework allows increased photosynthetic phosphorus use efficiency and growth in a low-phosphate environment. This may have rendered H. prostrata lipid metabolism unable to adjust to higher internal phosphate concentrations.

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“…and fir (Abies alba Mill.) had a higher total chlorophyll content on a leaf dry weight basis in shade adapted than in sun adapted leaves, however, this trend was reversed when sun and shade leaves were compared on a leaf area basis (Lichtenthaler et al, 2007a). Chlorophyll a to b ratio and maximum net photosynthetic CO 2 assimilation at saturating irradiance were higher with sun-adapted leaves.…”

Section: Chlorophyll In Sun and Shade Leavesmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Sun leaves are known to differ from shade leaves in their composition of photosynthetic pigments, chloroplast ultrastructure, photosynthetic rates, and resistance to light stress (Anderson et al, 1995;Lichtenthaler et al, 1981;Lichtenthaler et al, 1982;Sarijeva et al 2007;Lichtenthaler et al, 2007a;Sims and Pearcy, 1991). Maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.), beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), linden (Tilia cordata Mill.)…”

Section: Chlorophyll In Sun and Shade Leavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorophyll a + b Content and Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Avocado

Reed¹,

Schnell²,

Moore³

et al. 2012

JAS

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Tonnage (T), Simmonds (S) avocado trees, and TxS crosses were evaluated for differences in chlorophyll content and maximal quantum yield of photosystem II in sun and shade-type leaves. Total chlorophyll content by area (Chl a+b ar ) ranged from 984 mg m -2 in TxS240 to 4320 mg m -2 in Simmonds. Chlorophyll a/b ratio (Chl a/b) ranged from 9.8 to 5.5 in TxS238 and TxS243, respectively. Tonnage and Simmonds had similar Chl a/b with a wide range in values found among the avocado trees tested. Shade leaves contained more Chl a, Chl b and Chl a+b wt than sun leaves. Differences in Chl a/b were insignificant or greater in shade adapted leaves for all trees except TxS238; this did not follow the expected sun/shade pattern. A low chlorophyll a/b ratio indicates more light harvesting proteins and higher stacking of thylakoids. Chl a+b ar indicates Simmonds, Tonnage and to a lesser extent TxS238 had dense packing of chloroplasts in both sun and shade adapted leaves. Shade leaves had more efficient Fv/Fm values than those adapted to sun for all varieties except TxS240. Tonnage had the largest range of total chlorophyll content between shade and sun adapted leaves and likely has the largest genetic variation in its ability to acclimate to changing light intensities. The range in efficiency of photosystem 11 found between the avocado trees tested indicates a potential for improvements through selective breeding. More research is needed to evaluate the entire USDA avocado germplasm collection for traits associated with photosynthetic efficiency and to determine their heritability.

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Differences in pigment composition, photosynthetic rates and chlorophyll fluorescence images of sun and shade leaves of four tree species

Cited by 294 publications

References 39 publications

Evidence of higher photosynthetic plasticity in the early successional Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. compared to the late successional Hymenaea courbaril L. grown in contrasting light environments

Evidence of higher photosynthetic plasticity in the early successional Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. compared to the late successional Hymenaea courbaril L. grown in contrasting light environments

Lipid Biosynthesis and Protein Concentration Respond Uniquely to Phosphate Supply during Leaf Development in Highly Phosphorus-Efficient Hakea prostrata

Chlorophyll a + b Content and Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Avocado

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