Differences in raindrop size distribution from southwest monsoon to northeast monsoon at Gadanki

Rao, T. Narayana; Radhakrishna, Basivi; Nakamura, Kenji; Rao, N. Kameswara

doi:10.1002/qj.432

Cited by 79 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…This characteristic of DSD shows the wet spells has higher rainwater content and rainfall rate, which will be discussed in the later sections. These results are distinctly different from the previous studies over other regions, e.g., Konwar et al (2006), Rao et al (2009), and Harikumar et al (2016). Harikumar et al (2016) observed a higher number of larger drops at three different stations located in southern India.…”

Section: Average Raindrop Spectracontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Harikumar et al (2016) observed a higher number of larger drops at three different stations located in southern India. Konwar et al (2006) and Rao et al (2009) showed that stratiform precipitation dominates over Gadanki. However, shallow convection occurs frequently over WGs (Utsav et al, 2017).…”

Section: Average Raindrop Spectramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, such a diurnal cycle is not present in smaller drops during wet spells. These smaller drops shows a little higher concentration during morning hours (0500-0700 LT), representing the oceanic nature of rainfall (Krishna et al, 2016;Rao et al, 2009).…”

Section: Diurnal Variation In Raindrop Size Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Statistical characteristics of raindrop size distribution over Western Ghats of India: wet versus dry spells of Indian Summer Monsoon

Krishna¹,

Das²,

Sulochana³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. The nature of raindrop size distribution (DSD) is analyzed during wet and dry spells of the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) over Western Ghats (WGs) using Joss-Waldvogel Disdrometer (JWD) measurements. The observed DSDs are fitted with gamma distribution, and the characteristic DSDs are studied during the summer monsoon seasons (June&#8211;September) of 2012&#8211;2015. The DSD spectra show distinct diurnal variation during wet and dry spells. The dry spells exhibit a strong diurnal cycle with two peaks, while the diurnal cycle is not prominent in the wet spells. The observational results reveal the microphysical characteristics of warm rain during both the wet and dry spells. Even though the warm rain processes are dominant over WGs during monsoon, the underlying dynamical processes cause the differences in DSD characteristics during wet and dry spells. In addition, the differences in DSD spectra with different rain rates are also observed during the wet and dry spells. The DSD spectra are further analyzed by separating into stratiform and convective types. Finally, an empirical relation between slope parameter, &#923; and shape parameter, &#956; is derived by best fitting the quadratic polynomial for the observed data during both wet and dry spells as well as for the stratiform and convective types of precipitation. The &#923;&#8211;&#956; relations obtained in the present study are slightly different in comparison with the earlier studies.

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Section: Average Raindrop Spectracontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Average Raindrop Spectramentioning

confidence: 99%

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Statistical characteristics of raindrop size distribution over Western Ghats of India: wet versus dry spells of Indian Summer Monsoon

Krishna¹,

Das²,

Sulochana³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…, is obtained from the rainy samples of Taiwan (7,466 samples) and Palau (18,868 samples) and are shown with blue and red colors, respectively, in Figure 3a. In the present study, raindrop diameter classification (small, middle, and large size drops) proposed by previous researchers (Jayalakshmi & Reddy, 2014;Krishna et al, 2016;Narayana Rao et al, 2009;Tokay et al, 2008) is adapted to explain the RSD variations. Raindrops of diameter less than 1 mm are considered as small drops, 1 to 3 mm as middle-size drops, and above 3 mm as large drops.…”

Section: Observational Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison Study of Summer Season Raindrop Size Distribution Between Palau and Taiwan, Two Islands in Western Pacific

et al. 2017

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Raindrop size distribution (RSD) characteristics in summer season rainfall of two observational sites (Taiwan (24°58′N, 121°10′E) and Palau (7°20′N, 134°28′E)) in western Pacific are studied by using five years of impact type disdrometer data. In addition to disdrometer data, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, and ERA‐Interim data sets are used to illustrate the dynamical and microphysical characteristics associated with summer season rainfall of Taiwan and Palau. Taiwan and Palau's raindrop spectra showed a significant difference, with a higher concentration of middle and large drops in Taiwan than Palau rainfall. RSD stratified on the basis of rain rate showed a higher mass‐weighted mean diameter (Dm) and a lower normalized intercept parameter (log10Nw) in Taiwan than Palau rainfall. Precipitation classification into stratiform and convective regimes showed higher Dm values in Taiwan than Palau. Furthermore, for both the locations, the convective precipitation has a higher Dm value than stratiform precipitation. The radar reflectivity‐rain rate relations (Z = A*Rb) of Taiwan and Palau showed a clear variation in the coefficient and a less variation in exponent values. Terrain‐influenced clouds extended to higher altitudes over Taiwan resulted with higher Dm and lower log10Nw values as compared to Palau.

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“…It is observed that the total data set, and constrained data set are in the same proportion in the distribution. This indicates the homogenous distribution of raindrops and wind velocity in all rain rates, which is the unique feature of monsoon (Narayana Rao et al, ). In the postmonsoon season, the rain rates are dispersed and concentrated on high and low rain rate extreme values.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Raindrops Fall Velocity During Different Monsoon Seasons Over the Western Ghats, India

Das

Simon

Kolte

et al. 2020

Earth and Space Science

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Using the Two‐Dimensional Video Disdrometer measurements, we investigated the fall velocity of raindrops at Mahabaleshwar (17.92°N, 73.6°E, ~1.4 km above mean sea level, AMSL), a tropical site on the Western Ghats of India. The analysis is for different seasons during 2012–2015. To increase the reliability and accuracy of analysis, the raindrops with diameters in the range 0.5–2 mm and horizontal wind speed < 2 m s−1 are considered. The observed raindrop fall velocities have been corrected for the effect of air density. The ratio between the observed velocity and calculated terminal velocity is considered for estimating superterminal (positively skewed; higher than terminal velocity) and subterminal (negatively skewed; lower than terminal velocity) raindrops. The distribution of these skewed raindrops and its relationship with rain rate, drop diameter, and axis ratio for different seasons has been examined. Results indicate the presence of superterminal and subterminal raindrops in definite proportion in all the season with a majority of the drops have a diameter less than 1 mm. It is found that most of the superterminal raindrops occur at rain rates below 5 mm hr−1, while subterminal raindrops are relatively higher above this rain rate. It is observed that the superterminal raindrops are usually small in size and prolate in shape, while the subterminal raindrops are relatively large and oblate in shape. The diurnal variation of these raindrops during different seasons is also studied.

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Differences in raindrop size distribution from southwest monsoon to northeast monsoon at Gadanki

Cited by 79 publications

References 23 publications

Statistical characteristics of raindrop size distribution over Western Ghats of India: wet versus dry spells of Indian Summer Monsoon

Statistical characteristics of raindrop size distribution over Western Ghats of India: wet versus dry spells of Indian Summer Monsoon

A Comparison Study of Summer Season Raindrop Size Distribution Between Palau and Taiwan, Two Islands in Western Pacific

Investigation of Raindrops Fall Velocity During Different Monsoon Seasons Over the Western Ghats, India

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