Differences in the Faecal Microbiome in Schistosoma haematobium Infected Children vs. Uninfected Children

Kay, Gemma L.; Millard, Andrew; Sergeant, Martin J.; Midzi, Nicholas; Gwisai, Reggis; Mduluza, Takafira; Ivens, Alasdair; Nausch, Norman; Mutapi, Francisca; Pallen, Mark J.

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003861

Cited by 100 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…We have not examined changes in the microbiome of uninfected mice or male-worm-infected mice after anthelmintic administration. In a previous study in Schistosoma haematobium-infected children, while there was significant alteration of the host's microbiome composition during infection, the administration of praziquantel to uninfected children did not result in microbiome differences compared to baseline measurements (22). Further, in a recent study it has been shown that the presence of certain bacterial genera pretreatment may influence praziquantel efficacy (23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Schistosoma mansoni Worm Infection Regulates the Intestinal Microbiota and Susceptibility to Colitis

et al. 2019

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Infection with parasite helminths induces potent modulation of the immune system of the host. Epidemiological and animal studies have shown that helminth infections can suppress or exacerbate unrelated autoimmune, allergic, and other inflammatory disorders. There is growing evidence that helminth infectionmediated suppression of bystander inflammatory responses is influenced by alterations in the intestinal microbiome modulating metabolic and immune functions of the infected host. We analyzed the fecal microbiota of mice infected with adult male Schistosoma mansoni worms, which are less susceptible to experimental colitis, and male-and female-worm-infected mice, which are highly sensitive to colitis. While both groups of infected mice developed a disrupted microbiota, there were marked alterations in mice with male and female worm infections. Antibiotic-treated recipients that were cohoused with both types of S. mansoni worm-infected mice acquired a colitogenic microbiome, leading to increased susceptibility to experimental colitis. Following anthelmintic treatment to remove worms from worm-only-infected mice, the mice developed exacerbated colitis. This study provides evidence that adult male S. mansoni worm infection modulates the host's immune system and suppresses bystander colitis while limiting dysbiosis of the host's intestinal microbiome during infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Schistosoma mansoni Worm Infection Regulates the Intestinal Microbiota and Susceptibility to Colitis

et al. 2019

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“…This dysbiosis was associated with a significant reduction in amounts of Vitamin D derivatives and a reduction in the breakdown of dietary plant‐derived carbohydrates involved in amino acid synthesis, with an associated reduction in the weight of the infected animals. We have demonstrated that the gut microbiome structure in children infected with schistosomes differed significantly from that of uninfected children from the same community . Although the development of ILC2 cells does not seem dependent on the gut microbiome, their function is dependent on the colonization of the gut by commensals (reviewed in).…”

Section: Ilc2s In Human Helminth Infection—what We Do “Not” Knowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Group 2 ILCs: A way of enhancing immune protection against human helminths?

Nausch

Mutapi

2017

Parasite Immunology

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SummaryGroup 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play crucial roles in type 2 immune responses associated with allergic and autoimmune diseases, viral and helminth infections and tissue homoeostasis. Experimental models show that in helminth infections ILC2s provide an early source of type 2 cytokines and therefore are essential for the induction of potentially protective type 2 responses. Much of our knowledge of ILC2s in helminth infections has come from experimental mouse models with very few studies analysing ILC2s in natural human infections. In attempts to harness knowledge from paradigms of the development of protective immunity in human helminth infections for vaccine development, the role of ILC2 cells could be pivotal. So far, potential vaccines against human helminth infections have failed to provide effective protection when evaluated in human studies. In addition to appropriate antigen selection, it is apparent that more detailed knowledge on mechanisms of induction and maintenance of protective immune responses is required. Therefore, there is need to understand how ILC2 cells induce type 2 responses and subsequently support the development of a protective immune response in the context of immunizations. Within this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the biology of ILC2s, discuss the importance of ILC2s in human helminth infections and explore how ILC2 responses could be boosted to efficiently induce protective immunity.

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“…Likewise, the relationship between gastrointestinal microbiota and host immune response has been well established (56)(57)(58). Despite evidence for direct host-parasite and hostmicrobiome interactions, and the fact that gut parasites and microbes share the same gut environment, studies are limited which assess the relationship between these organisms (31).…”

Section: Influence Of Parasitismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in rural African gut microbiota is strongly correlated with colonization byEntamoebaand subsistence

Morton

Lynch

Froment

et al. 2015

Preprint

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The human gut microbiota is impacted by host nutrition and health status and therefore represents a potentially adaptive phenotype influenced by metabolic and immune constraints. Previous studies contrasting rural populations in developing countries to urban industrialized ones have shown that industrialization is strongly correlated with patterns in human gut microbiota; however, we know little about the relative contribution of factors such as climate, diet, medicine, hygiene practices, host genetics, and parasitism. Here, we focus on finescale comparisons of African rural populations in order to (i) contrast the gut microbiota of populations inhabiting similar environments but having different traditional subsistence modes and either shared or distinct genetic ancestry, and (ii) examine the relationship between gut parasites and bacterial communities. Characterizing the fecal microbiota of Pygmy hunter-gatherers as well as Bantu individuals from both farming and fishing populations in Southwest Cameroon, we found that the gut parasite Entamoeba is significantly correlated with microbiome composition and diversity. We show that across populations, colonization by this protozoa can be predicted with 79% accuracy based on the composition of an individual's gut microbiota, and that several of the taxa most important for distinguishing Entamoeba absence or presence are signature taxa for autoimmune disorders. We also found gut communities to vary significantly with subsistence mode, notably with some taxa previously shown to be enriched in other hunter-gatherers groups (in Tanzania and Peru) also discriminating hunter-gatherers from neighboring farming or fishing populations in Cameroon. Funding: This work was funded by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) and the French National Agency for Research (ANR; grant ANR-11-BSV7-0011). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Competing Interests: The authors declared that no competing interests exist. Author SummaryThe community of microorganisms inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract plays a critical role in determining human health. It's been hypothesized that the industrialized lifestyle, marked by a diet rich in processed foods, higher use of antibiotics, increased hygiene, and exposure to various chemicals, has altered microbiota in ways that are harmful. Studies have addressed this by comparing rural and industrialized populations, and have found that they systematically vary in their gut microbiome composition. Nevertheless, the relative influence of host genetics, diet, climate, medication, hygiene practices, and parasitism is still not clear. In addition, microbial variation between nearby human populations has not been explored in depth. Moreover, The World Health Organization estimates that 24% of the world's population, concentrated in developing countries, is infected with gut parasites. Despite this, and evidence for direct interactions between the immune syste...

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Differences in the Faecal Microbiome in Schistosoma haematobium Infected Children vs. Uninfected Children

Cited by 100 publications

References 36 publications

Schistosoma mansoni Worm Infection Regulates the Intestinal Microbiota and Susceptibility to Colitis

Schistosoma mansoni Worm Infection Regulates the Intestinal Microbiota and Susceptibility to Colitis

Group 2 ILCs: A way of enhancing immune protection against human helminths?

Variation in rural African gut microbiota is strongly correlated with colonization byEntamoebaand subsistence

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