Differences in the intestinal microbiome of healthy children and patients with newly diagnosed Crohn’s disease

Abstract

The aetiology of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) seems to be strongly connected to changes in the enteral microbiome. The dysbiosis pattern seen in Crohn’s disease (CD) differs among published studies depending on patients’ age, disease phenotype and microbiome research methods. The aims was to investigate microbiome in treatment-naive paediatric patients to get an insight into its structure at the early stage of the disease in comparison to healthy. Stool samples were obtained from controls and newly diagnosed patients prior to any intervention. Microbiota was analysed by 16SrRNAnext-generation-sequencing (NGS). Differences in the within-sample phylotype richness and evenness (alpha diversity) were detected between controls and patients. Statistically significant dissimilarities between samples were present for all used metrics. We also found a significant increase in the abundance of OTUs of the Enterococcus genus and reduction in, among others, Bifidobacterium (B. adolescentis), Roseburia (R.faecis), Faecalibacterium (F. prausnitzii), Gemmiger (G. formicilis), Ruminococcus (R. bromii) and Veillonellaceae (Dialister). Moreover, differences in alpha and beta diversities in respect to calprotectin and PCDAI were observed: patients with calprotectin <100 µg/g and with PCDAI below 10 points vs those with calprotectin >100 µg/g and mild (10–27.7 points), moderate (27.5–40 points) or severe (>40 points) CD disease activity had higher richness and diversity of gut microbiota. The results of our study highlight reduced diversity and dysbiosis at the earliest stage of the disease. Microbial imbalance and low abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria, including Bifidobacterium adolescentis, may suggest benefits of microbial modification therapy.

Multiomic features associated with mucosal healing and inflammation in paediatric Crohn’s disease

“…51 Dialister species are known to have reduced abundance in adult and paediatric CD patients relative to healthy controls. 52,53 Interestingly Dialister also has higher relative abundance in CD patients who are in remission following ileocaecal resection than those who have post-operative recurrence. 54 It is possible that Dialister, with its bimodal abundance distribution, acts as a biomarker of mucosal inflammation.…”

Fiber and Prebiotic Interventions in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: What Role Does the Gut Microbiome Play?

“…However, pediatric patients with IBD are observed to have an imbalance in their gut microbiome, referred to as dysbiosis [ 83 ]. Several studies have demonstrated that a reduction in microbial diversity and richness is a key feature of both pediatric and adult IBD [ 81 , 84 , 85 , 86 ]. Studies have also shown that pediatric patients with IBD exhibit a significantly decreased abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes while displaying a significant expansion of Proteobacteria [ 84 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 ].…”

“…Within the phylum Actinobacteria, a decrease in the abundance of Bifidobacterium spp. has been observed in pediatric IBD patients when compared to healthy controls [ 86 , 88 ]. Indeed, Bifidobacterium spp.…”

“…Dysbiosis appears to be a key feature of IBD, but it is unclear whether the alterations in microbial diversity, taxa abundance and SCFA production are a cause or consequence of intestinal inflammation [ 86 ]. Surgical diversion of fecal contents away from inflamed GI segments as well as antibiotic therapy have been shown to be effective in managing IBD, suggesting that the gut microbiome may play more of a causative role in this disease [ 98 , 99 ].…”

Gut microbiota in hospitalized children under 5 years with acute infective gastroenteritis caused by virus or bacteria in regional Peruvian Hospital

“…Fusobacterium [31], whereas the Ulcerative Colitis has the same pattern of GM, but with a more predominant decrease of Fusobacterium [32]. On the one hand, there are other contexts, such as Henoch-Schönlein purpura where the keystone is the detection in the Enterococcus who play a role in the pro-inflammatory state [33].…”