Different approaches of physical training used in the management of type 2 diabetes

Abstract

Background Type 2 diabetes is now a common and serious global health problem, which, for most countries, has evolved in association with rapid cultural and social changes, ageing populations, increasing urbanisation, dietary changes, reduced physical activity and other unhealthy lifestyle and behavioural patterns. Aims To identify the different approaches to physical training used in the last decade in the management of type 2 diabetes. Methods We searched PubMed and Science Direct for all randomised clinical trials from 1999 to 30 May 2010. Results We selected 17 randomised controlled trials, five studies with aerobic exercise, five with resistance exercise and seven combined exercise studies. Conclusions The use of resistance training for the treatment of type 2 diabetes is becoming more commonly used in the management of type 2 diabetes. The number of studies using resistance exercise has been growing over the last decade, and has actually become as widely used as the popular aerobic exercise. In turn, most of the reviewed studies have used interventions combining resistance and aerobic exercise. An exercise programme for diabetic patients should be seen as a form of treatment. Hence, there were no established guidelines for the duration of the programme, because exercise should become a habitual daily task, and assumed in a new lifestyle for long-term glucose control.

Inactivity in Childhood and Adolescence: A Modern Lifestyle Associated with Adverse Health Consequences

“…Scientific evidence shows that physical inactivity can lead to a host of chronic, degenerative conditions and premature death (Chakravarthy, & Booth, 2003;De Moura et al, 2011;Fishburne & Harper-Tarr, 1992;Hahn et al, 1990;Hamdy et al, 2001;Lakka & Laaksonen, 2007). Physical activity's lack in children and adolescents leads to increased morbidity, since many of the chronic diseases of adults are initiated in childhood (Bouziotas et al, 2004;Sallis, & Owen, 1997).…”

Effects of different exercise programs and minimal detectable changes in hemoglobin A1c in patients with type 2 diabetes

“…The objective of the present study was to evaluate and compare the effects of aerobic exercise and strength training programs on glycemic control in patients with DM 2 treated through the public health system. Regular physical exercise is an important component in the control and treatment of DM 2 [ 9 ], promoting benefits on insulin sensitivity, plasma glucose homeostasis, increase in daily energy expenditure [ 10 ], cardiovascular risk reduction, and contribution to weight loss and general well-being [ 8 ].…”

“…Regular exercise is a strategy recommended by a diverse number of studies, and a guideline to control DM 2 and its associated complications [ 3 , 7 – 9 ] and, in association with food planning and drug therapy, it has been regarded as one of the three main components in the control and treatment of DM [ 10 ]. It is noteworthy that diabetes patients demonstrate less aerobic conditioning, and lower levels of muscular strength and flexibility when compared with unaffected individuals of the same age and gender.…”

Prevalência de diabetes mellitus e prática de exercício em indivíduos que procuraram atendimento na estratégia saúde da família de Viçosa/MG

“…Atualmente, a prática de exercícios físicos tem sido sugerida como uma possibilidade de tratamento não medicamentoso para os indivíduos com DM (AMERICAN DIABETES ASSOCIATION, 2013).Ela tem apresentado resultados positivos para o tratamento de DM, tais como: melhora na sensibilidade à insulina, diminuição dos níveis de glicose no sangue para faixa de normalidade, redução das doses de insulina e atenuação das disfunções autonômicas e cardiovasculares (AMERICAM COLLEGE OF SPORTS MEDICINE, 2010;MOURA et al, 2011).…”