Different contributions of Arctic sea ice anomalies from different regions to North China summer ozone pollution

Abstract

Surface ozone pollution is the main form of summer air pollution in North China and damages human and ecosystem health. Long‐term meteorological observations show that late spring Arctic sea ice and ozone‐related meteorological conditions are positively correlated; this result was further verified by numerical experiments. The Eurasia teleconnection pattern bridged the sea ice over Gakkel Ridge to the local meteorological conditions associated with O3. The sea ice anomalies over the Canada Basin and the Beaufort Sea mainly influenced the O3 pollution in North China via the summer west Pacific pattern. Furthermore, changes in the relationships were also included. The anticyclonic circulation over North China, that is, the joint centre of the Eurasia teleconnection and west Pacific patterns, could significantly lead to suitable weather conditions to accelerate the photochemical reactions to transfer the precursors to surface ozone. This finding helps to improve the understanding of the interannual variation in ozone pollution in North China.

Decadal Changes of Connections among Snow cover in West Siberia, Eurasia Teleconnection and O<sub>3</sub>-related meteorology in North China

“…Thus, the regional mean of AM-mean Eurasian snow cover in this region was defined as the SC WS , which was also significantly and negatively correlated with the summer EU pattern (Figure S6). Furthermore, as pointed by Yin et al (2020a), sea ice anomalies in the Gakkel Ridge (SI GR , 82°-88°N, 0°-80°E, Figure S1) also bridged the summer EU and OWI. During 1980-2018, the correlation coefficients between OWI and the above two external forcings were 0.5 (SI GR , significant at the 99% confidence level) and −0.21 (SC WS , insignificant at the 95% confidence level), respectively (Figure 3 a, b).…”

“…Besides, the abovementioned atmospheric variables were also downloaded from the fifth generation European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (Copernicus Climate Change Service, 2017) to repeat the observational analyses and confirm the robustness of the conclusions. According to Yin et al (2020a), the calculation of the EU index was as follows:…”

“…closely related to the summer EU teleconnection pattern; these anomalies then influenced rainfall in China (Wu et al, 2009). Summer surface O 3 in North China closely linked to the variability in May sea ice over the Gakkel Ridge (Figure S1) and the bridge in atmosphere was the EU pattern (Yin et al, 2019(Yin et al, , 2020a. However, this relationship between sea ice anomalies and EU pattern showed a decadal change from insignificant to significant after the mid-1990s (Yin et al, 2020a).…”

“…Summer surface O 3 in North China closely linked to the variability in May sea ice over the Gakkel Ridge (Figure S1) and the bridge in atmosphere was the EU pattern (Yin et al, 2019(Yin et al, , 2020a. However, this relationship between sea ice anomalies and EU pattern showed a decadal change from insignificant to significant after the mid-1990s (Yin et al, 2020a). The east-west dipole of spring snow cover anomalies in Eurasia was closely related to the East Asia summer monsoon by stimulating atmospheric responses such as the EU pattern (Yim et al, 2010).…”

“…The variation in the EU pattern and its linkage with surface O 3 in North China were both driven by preceding spring forcings (Zhang et al, 2018;Yin et al, 2019Yin et al, , 2020a. Arctic sea ice anomalies in spring were proven to be https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-324 Preprint.…”