Different domains of self-reported physical activity and risk of type 2 diabetes in a population-based Swedish cohort: the Malmö diet and Cancer study

Abstract

Background: While a dose-response relationship between physical activity and risk of diabetes has been demonstrated, few studies have assessed the relative importance of different measures of physical activity on diabetes risk. The aim was to examine the association between different self-reported measures of physical activity and risk of type 2 diabetes in a prospective cohort study. Methods: Out of 26,615 adults (45-74 years, 60% women) in the population-based Swedish Malmö Diet and Cancer Study cohort, 3791 type 2 diabetes cases were identified from registers during 17 years of follow-up. Leisuretime (17 activities), occupational and domestic physical activity were assessed through a questionnaire, and these and total physical activity were investigated in relation to type 2 diabetes risk. Results: All physical activity measures showed weak to modest associations with type 2 diabetes risk. The strongest association was found in the lower end of leisure-time physical activity in dose-response analysis at levels approximately below 22 MET-hrs/week (300 min/week) representing around 40% of the population. Compared with the lowest quintile, the moderate leisure-time physical activity category had a 28% (95% CI: 0.71, 0.87) decreased risk of type 2 diabetes. Total physical activity showed a similar, but weaker, association with diabetes risk as to that of leisure-time physical activity. Domestic physical activity was positively and linearly related to diabetes risk, HR = 1.11 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.25) comparing highest to lowest quintile. There was no association between occupational physical activity and diabetes risk. Conclusion: A curvilinear association was observed between leisure-time physical activity and risk of diabetes. Beyond a threshold level of approximately 22 MET-hrs/week or 300 min/week, no additional risk reduction was observed with increase in physical activity.

Associations Between Added Sugar Intake and Risk of Four Different Cardiovascular Diseases in a Swedish Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study

“…Baseline data collection was carried out using questionnaires covering medication, medical history, socioeconomic factors and current lifestyle, such as leisure-time physical activity (metabolic equivalent of task hours/week based on the duration and intensity of 17 different activities) ( 12 ), smoking status (never, current, or former smoker) and educational level according to Swedish educational degrees (<9, 9 years, upper secondary school, and university with or without a degree). Information about alcohol consumption was retrieved from the questionnaire as well as the 7-day food diary; zero-consumers indicated no consumption during the past year.…”

Association between Sugar Intake and Intima Media Thickness as a Marker for Atherosclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study (Sweden)

“…The information regarding lifestyle factors, socioeconomic factors and medical history was recorded in a questionnaire that the participants filled out, including smoking habits (never, current or former smoker), educational level (elementary or less, primary and secondary school, upper secondary school, university education without a degree and university education with a degree), and leisure time-physical activity. Leisure-time physical activity, was categorised into five predefined groups based on Metabolic Equivalent Task (MET) hours per week: <7.5, 7.5–15, 15–25, 25–50 and >50 MET h/week) [ 29 ]. The information regarding alcohol consumption was compiled from the questionnaire and the food diary (zero consumers and quintiles of sex-specific consumption, described elsewhere [ 30 ]).…”

Associations of carbohydrates and carbohydrate-rich foods with incidence of type 2 diabetes

“…Participants with diabetes were identified through several different registers and rescreening of the cohort during the follow-up period (until 31 st of December 2016). The mean time of follow-up was 18 Register required a diagnosis by a physician, according to the established diagnostic criteria (a fasting plasma glucose concentration of ≥7•0 mmol/L, or a fasting whole blood concentration of ≥6•1 mmol/L, on two different occasions) (21,22) . Additionally, cases were identified through the HbA1c Registry at Clinical Chemistry, Malmö, of individuals with at least two HbA1c values ≥6.0%, and through four national registries managed by the National Board of Health and Welfare: the Cause-of-Death Registry, the Swedish Hospital-based Outpatient Care, the Swedish National Inpatient Registry (ICD10 codes E10-E14 and O244-O249), and the Swedish Prescribed Drug Registry (ATC code A10) (23)(24)(25) .…”

“…Leisure-time physical activity was assessed in the questionnaire as time spent per week on seventeen different activities. The activities were multiplied with their respective metabolic equivalent intensity factor, and the individuals were divided into five categories of metabolic equivalent of task hours (MET-hours) per week (18) . Alcohol consumption was divided into six categories of reported intake (non-consumers and sex-specific quintiles of consumers), and smoking habits were divided into three categories: current smokers, former smokers and never smokers.…”