Different effects of phytohormones on Fusarium head blight and Fusarium root rot resistance in <i>Brachypodium distachyon</i>

Haidoulis, John F; Nicholson, P.

doi:10.1080/17429145.2020.1820592

Cited by 6 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Lyons and colleagues (2015) concluded that auxins were important components of defence responses to F. oxysporum in both shoot and root tissues of Arabidopsis. We reported previously that exogenous application of auxin increased resistance to both FHB and FRR in distachyon (Haidoulis and Nicholson, 2020) and others have found similar effects on FHB in barley (Petti et al, 2012). In contrast, there is evidence that F. graminearum -induced FHB and leaf susceptibility increased following exogenous IAA application in wheat (Su et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Given the abundance of ethylene-related transcription factors upregulated in both FHB and FRR (Figure 3B) and the overrepresentation of ethylene-associated processes in FHB and FRR (Figure 2), the data suggests that the ethylene branch of JA signalling is activated in both tissues and that the JA/ethylene synergism is important in FHB and FRR. Supporting this, exogenous application of JA and the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) had similar effects on resistance in both tissues (Haidoulis and Nicholson, 2020). In the present study, JA and ethylene - related gene expression was broadly similar in FHB and FRR (Figure 3A and Figure 3B).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…We previously showed that exogenous application of phytohormones induced tissue- specific effects on resistance to FHB and FRR in B. distachyon (Haidoulis and Nicholson, 2020) indicating that pathways controlled by phytohormones play different roles in resistance in spike and root tissues. More JA-responsive genes were significantly expressed and to a greater extent in FHB than in FRR (Figure 2, Figure 3A, Supplementary Table S6), although there were similar changes in expression of some biosynthesis and signalling genes ( LOX and JAZ ) in FHB and FRR (Supplementary Table S6, Supplementary Figure S1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aside from a study by (Powell et al, 2017a), the role of cytokinins in F. graminearum infection has not been investigated beyond the exogenous application of cytokinins which enhanced FHB and FRR susceptibility (Haidoulis and Nicholson, 2020). Most biosynthesis genes ( LOG1 , IPT , UGT85A1 ) and signalling genes ( Type A RR s and B RR s) were differentially expressed between the two tissues in response to F. graminearum (Figure 3D, Figure 6G, and Figure 6H), highlighting a difference in response to FHB and FRR in terms of cytokinin signalling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many other phytohormones including abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GA), auxin, and cytokinin have also been implicated in response to F. graminearum infection (Pan et al, 2018, Wang et al, 2018a, Powell et al, 2017a). In a previous study we showed that exogenous application of many phytohormones induced significant effects on FHB and FRR resistance (Haidoulis and Nicholson, 2020). However the phytohormones SA, JA, and ethylene induced opposing effects on resistance to FHB and FRR whereas cytokinin and auxin induced similar effects in the two tissues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tissue-Specific Transcriptome Responses to Fusarium Head Blight and Fusarium Root Rot

Haidoulis

Nicholson

2022

Preprint

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Fusarium head blight (FHB) and Fusarium root rot (FRR) are important diseases of small-grained cereals caused by Fusarium species. While host response to FHB has been subject to extensive study, very little is known about response to FRR and the transcriptome responses of FHB and FRR have not been thoroughly compared. Brachypodium distachyon (Bd) is an effective model for investigating host responses to both FHB and FRR. In this study the transcriptome response of Bd to F. graminearum (Fg) infection of heads and roots was investigated. An RNA-seq analysis was performed on both Bd FHB and FRR during the early infection. Additionally, an RNA-seq analysis was performed on in vitro samples of Fg for comparison with Fg gene expression in planta. Differential gene expression and gene-list enrichment analyses were used to compare FHB and FRR transcriptome responses in both Bd and Fg. Differential expression of selected genes was confirmed using RT-qPCR. Most genes associated with receptor signalling, cell-wall modification, oxidative stress metabolism, and cytokinin and auxin biosynthesis and signalling genes were generally upregulated in FHB or were downregulated in FRR. In contrast, Bd genes involved in jasmonic acid and ethylene biosynthesis and signalling, and antimicrobial production were similarly differentially expressed in both tissues in response to infection. A transcriptome analysis of predicted Fg effectors with the same infected material revealed elevated expression of both core tissue-independent genes including cell-wall degradation enzymes and the gene cluster for DON production but also several tissue-dependent genes including those for aurofusarin production and cutin degradation. This evidence suggests that Fg modulates its transcriptome to different tissues of the same host.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tissue-Specific Transcriptome Responses to Fusarium Head Blight and Fusarium Root Rot

Haidoulis

Nicholson

2022

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Herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid interferes with MAP kinase signaling in Fusarium graminearum and is inhibitory to fungal growth and pathogenesis

Xiang

et al. 2023

Stress Biology

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Plant hormones are important for regulating growth, development, and plant-pathogen interactions. Some of them are inhibitory to growth of fungal pathogens but the underlying mechanism is not clear. In this study, we found that hyphal growth of Fusarium graminearum was significantly reduced by high concentrations of IAA and its metabolically stable analogue 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Besides inhibitory effects on growth rate, treatments with 2,4-D also caused significant reduction in conidiation, conidium germination, and germ tube growth. Treatments with 2,4-D had no obvious effect on sexual reproduction but significantly reduced TRI gene expression, toxisome formation, and DON production. More importantly, treatments with 2,4-D were inhibitory to infection structure formation and pathogenesis at concentrations higher than 100 µM. The presence of 1000 µM 2,4-D almost completely inhibited plant infection and invasive growth. In F. graminearum, 2,4-D induced ROS accumulation and FgHog1 activation but reduced the phosphorylation level of Gpmk1 MAP kinase. Metabolomics analysis showed that the accumulation of a number of metabolites such as glycerol and arabitol was increased by 2,4-D treatment in the wild type but not in the Fghog1 mutant. Transformants expressing the dominant active FgPBS2S451D T455D allele were less sensitive to 2,4-D and had elevated levels of intracellular glycerol and arabitol induced by 2,4-D in PH-1. Taken together, our results showed that treatments with 2,4-D interfere with two important MAP kinase pathways and are inhibitory to hyphal growth, DON biosynthesis, and plant infection in F. graminearum.

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The vesicular trafficking system component MIN7 is required for minimizing Fusarium graminearum infection

Wood

Panwar

Grimwade-Mann

et al. 2021

Journal of Experimental Botany

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Plants have developed intricate defense mechanisms, referred to as innate immunity, to defend themselves against a wide range of pathogens. Plants often respond rapidly to pathogen attack by the synthesis and delivery of various antimicrobial compounds, proteins and small RNA in membrane vesicles to the primary infection sites. Much of the evidence regarding the importance of vesicular trafficking in plant-pathogen interactions comes from the studies involving model plants whereas this process is relatively understudied in crop plants. Here we assessed whether the vesicular trafficking system components previously implicated in immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana play a role in the interaction with Fusarium graminearum, a fungal pathogen notoriously famous for its ability to cause Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease in wheat. Among the analyzed vesicular trafficking mutants, two independent T-DNA insertion mutants in the AtMin7 gene displayed a markedly enhanced susceptibility to F. graminearum. Earlier studies identified this gene, encoding an ARF-GEF protein, as a target for the HopM1 effector of the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, which destabilizes MIN7 leading to its degradation and weakening host defenses. To test whether this key vesicular trafficking component may also contribute to defense in crop plants, we identified the candidate TaMin7 genes in wheat and knocked-down their expression through virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). Wheat plants in which TaMin7 were silenced displayed significantly more FHB disease. This suggests that disruption of MIN7 function in both model and crop plants compromises the trafficking of innate immunity signals or products resulting in hyper-susceptibility to various pathogens.

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Different effects of phytohormones on Fusarium head blight and Fusarium root rot resistance in Brachypodium distachyon

Cited by 6 publications

References 72 publications

Tissue-Specific Transcriptome Responses to Fusarium Head Blight and Fusarium Root Rot

Tissue-Specific Transcriptome Responses to Fusarium Head Blight and Fusarium Root Rot

Herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid interferes with MAP kinase signaling in Fusarium graminearum and is inhibitory to fungal growth and pathogenesis

The vesicular trafficking system component MIN7 is required for minimizing Fusarium graminearum infection

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