Different methodologies for sustainability of optimization techniques used in submerged and solid state fermentation

Abstract

Optimization techniques are considered as a part of nature's way of adjusting to the changes happening around it. There are different factors that establish the optimum working condition or the production of any value-added product. A model is accepted for a particular process after its sustainability has been verified on a statistical and analytical level. Optimization techniques can be divided into categories as statistical, nature inspired and artificial neural network each with its own benefits and usage in particular cases. A brief introduction about subcategories of different techniques that are available and their computational effectivity will be discussed. The main focus of the study revolves around the applicability of these techniques to any particular operation such as submerged fermentation (SmF) and solid state fermentation (SSF), their ability to produce secondary metabolites and the usefulness in the laboratory and industrial level. Primary studies to determine the enzyme activity of different microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and yeast will also be discussed. l-Asparaginase, the most commonly used drugs in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) shall be considered as an example, a short discussion on models used in the production by the processes of SmF and SSF will be discussed to understand the optimization techniques that are being dealt. It is expected that this discussion would help in determining the proper technique that can be used in running any optimization process for different purposes, and would help in making these processes less time-consuming with better output.

Development of L-Asparaginase Biobetters: Current Research Status and Review of the Desirable Quality Profiles

“…In the case of wild type microorganisms, carbon and nitrogen sources have been reported as the most influencing factors, as reported in recent reviews (Kumar and Sobha, 2012; Cachumba et al, 2016; Lopes et al, 2017). Both submerged and solid state processes have been reported in the literature (Ashok and Kumar, 2017; Meghavarnam and Janakiraman, 2017), the later mainly for filamentous fungi. Nonetheless, only submerged cultivation is used for industrial production of ASNase for pharmaceutical use and ASNase from filamentous fungi is exclusively used in the food industry (Xu et al, 2016).…”

Combined pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse using alkali and ionic liquid to increase hemicellulose content and xylanase production

“…PBD is used to identify significant factors by evaluating linear effects and interactions of factors. While BBD allows to consider quadratic effects and provides an accurate value of each significant factor and, therefore, results obtained from BBD could be different from PBD [ 47 ].…”

Development of Process and Data Centric Inference System for Enhanced Production of L-Asparaginase from Halotolerant Bacillus licheniformis PPD37

“…The five variables selected to perform this experiment included three screened MM9 medium components: L-asparagine, NaCl and, MgSO4, as determined by PBD, and two physical conditions -pH and temperature. These factors were chosen to analyze their combined effect on the production of L-asparaginase [34][35][36]. All the input variables were examined at five levels and coded as -2, -1, 0, +1 and, +2 for lowest, low, medium, high and, highest concentration.…”