Different methods for monitoring intensity during water-based aerobic exercises

Raffaelli, Camilla; Galvani, Christel; Lanza, Massimo; Zamparo, Paola

doi:10.1007/s00421-011-1963-7

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Due to the relevant contribution of the aerobic system to the total metabolic power, already in 100 m sprints, swimmers exhibit high o #,'-, in the range of about 55 to 75 ml•kg -1 •min -1 for males Holmer et al 1974;Costill et al 1985a;Rodríguez and Mader 2003b;Raffaelli et al 2012;Sousa et al 2014b;de Jesus et al 2015;) and 50 to 65 ml•min -1 for females Costill et al 1985b;Rodríguez and Mader 2003b;.…”

Section: Oxygen Uptake In Swimmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Model for Estimating Peak Oxygen Uptake Based on Postexercise Measurements in Swimming

Chaverri¹,

Schuller²,

Iglesias³

et al. 2016

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

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Section: Oxygen Uptake In Swimmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Model for Estimating Peak Oxygen Uptake Based on Postexercise Measurements in Swimming

Chaverri¹,

Schuller²,

Iglesias³

et al. 2016

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

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“…The evaluation of the maximum oxygen consumption (VO 2 max) has been used as a parameter to determine the intensity of physical activity during aerobic exercises 1,2. In swimming, the direct test that presents the conditions to analyze the VO 2 max is the aquatic ergospirometry,3 which enables quantification of the respiratory capacity due to the swimmer’s ability to maintain a maximum rate of muscle work during swimming 4,5.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of an equation for estimating maximal oxygen consumption of nonexpert adult swimmers

Costa¹,

Costa²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2013

OAJSM

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ObjectiveTo validate an equation to estimate the maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) of nonexpert adult swimmers.MethodsParticipants were 22 nonexpert swimmers, male, aged between 18 and 30 years (age: 23.1 ± 3:59 years; body mass: 73.6 ± 7:39 kg; height 176.6 ± 5.53 cm; and body fat percentage: 15.9% ± 4.39%), divided into two subgroups: G1 – eleven swimmers for the VO2max oximetry and modeling of the equation; and G2 – eleven swimmers for application of the equation modeled on G1 and verification of their validation. The test used was the adapted Progressive Swim Test, in which there occurs an increase in the intensity of the swim every two laps. For normality and homogeneity of data, Shapiro-Wilk and Levene tests were used, the descriptive values of the average and standard deviation. The statistical steps were: (1) reliability of the Progressive Swim Test – through the paired t-test, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and the Pearson linear correlation (R) relative to the reproducibility, the coefficient of variation (CV), and standard error measurement (SEM) for the absolute reproducibility; (2) in the model equation to estimate VO2max, a relative VO2 was established, and a stepwise multiple regression model was performed with G1 – so the variables used were analysis of variance regression (AR), coefficient of determination (R2), adjusted coefficient of determination (R2a), standard error of estimate (SEE), and Durbin–Watson (DW); (3) validation of the equation – the results were presented in graphs, where direct (G1) and estimated (G2) VO2max were compared using independent t-test, linear regression (stressing the correlation between groups), and Bland–Altman (the bias agreement of the results). All considered a statistical significance level of P < 0.05.ResultsOn the trustworthiness of the Progressive Swim Test adapted presented as high as observed (R and ICC > 0.80, CV < 10%, and SEM < 2%). In the equation model, VO2max has been considered the third model as recommended due to the values found (AR < 0.01, R = 0795, R2 = 0633; R2a = 0.624, SEE = 7.21, DW = 2.06). Upon validation of the equation, no significant differences occurred between G1 and G2 (P > 0.01), linear regression stressed a correlation between the groups (R > 0.80, P < 0.01), and Bland–Altman plotting of the results was within the correlation limits of 1.96 (95% confidence interval).ConclusionThe estimating equation for VO2max for nonexpert swimmers is valid for its application through the Progressive Swim Test, providing to contribute in prescribing the swimming lessons as a method of evaluating the physical condition of its practitioners.

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“…Head-out aquatic exercise performed in shallow water is a fitness activity (aqua fitness, also called aquagym, aquaerobics, and shallow-water exercise) mainly involving persons whose main goal is to maintain health. It has gained popularity in recent years [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Head-out aquatic exercise is described as an aquatic activity composed of several exercises done against water resistance [7].…”

Section: Introdutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Risk of Maximal Head-Out Aquatic Exercises

Gonçalves¹,

Figueiredo²,

Vilas‐Boas³

et al. 2012

TOSSJ

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The present study aims to characterize maximal continuous and intermittent efforts in head-out of water aquatic exercise and to determine the risk associated with this type of exercises by healthy persons. Ten healthy women (38.3 ± 9.4 years; 160.2 ± 6.2 cm; 50.0 ± 8.5 kg) experienced in head-out aquatic exercise participated in this study. Two maximal exercises of (I) 7 min continuous and (II) 3x30 sec leg kick, with 30 sec interval were performed with a two days rest interval. The Rate of Perceived Exertion (I: 19.8 ± 0.4 and II: 19.4 ± 1.0) and the heart rate values (I: 184.9 ± 1.4 and II: 178.2 ± 10.4 bpm) confirmed that both exercises were maximal. The blood lactate concentration was high after exercise in both protocols (I: 12.0 ± 3.4 mmol.kg-1 ; II: 10.7 ± 2.7 mmol.kg-1). The systolic blood pressure was higher after both exercises (I: 119.9 ± 19.2 and II: 138.7 ± 15.5 mmHg) whereas diastolic blood pressure was lower (I: 52.6 ± 13.4 and II: 47.8 ± 9.7 mmHg). The mean blood pressure at rest (I: 88.8 ± 12.2 and II: 79.3 ± 8.1 mmHg) and after exercise (I: 83.4 ± 14.4 and II: 78.1 ± 9.8 mmHg) was similar. The higher diastolic blood pressure and double product (I: 26188.2 ± 3955.1 and II: 21899.1 ± 2696.4 mmHg.bpm) for maximal continuous exercise revealed high cardiac effort. Maximal intensity exercises could be safely used in head-out aquatic exercise classes with healthy participants.

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Different methods for monitoring intensity during water-based aerobic exercises

Cited by 20 publications

References 41 publications

A New Model for Estimating Peak Oxygen Uptake Based on Postexercise Measurements in Swimming

A New Model for Estimating Peak Oxygen Uptake Based on Postexercise Measurements in Swimming

Validation of an equation for estimating maximal oxygen consumption of nonexpert adult swimmers

Characterization and Risk of Maximal Head-Out Aquatic Exercises

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