Different Radiation Susceptibility among Five Strains of Mice Detected by a Skin Reaction

Iwakawa, Mayumi; Noda, Shuhei; Ohta, Toshie; Ohira, Chisa; Lee, Ryonfa; Goto, Masahisa; Wakabayashi, Miyuki; Matsui, Yoshifumi; Harada, Yoshinobu; Imai, Takashi

doi:10.1269/jrr.44.7

Cited by 33 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Radiosensitivity is also dependent on animal strain [26]. Given the complex interplays between physics and biology outlined above, even formal animal welfare guidelines do not provide actual numbers and simply state that doses should be minimized [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dosimetry in Micro-computed Tomography: a Review of the Measurement Methods, Impacts, and Characterization of the Quantum GX Imaging System

Meganck

Liu

2016

Mol Imaging Biol

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PurposeX-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT) is a widely used imaging modality in preclinical research with applications in many areas including orthopedics, pulmonology, oncology, cardiology, and infectious disease. X-rays are a form of ionizing radiation and, therefore, can potentially induce damage and cause detrimental effects. Previous reviews have touched on these effects but have not comprehensively covered the possible implications on study results. Furthermore, interpreting data across these studies is difficult because there is no widely accepted dose characterization methodology for preclinical μCT. The purpose of this paper is to ensure in vivo μCT studies can be properly designed and the data can be appropriately interpreted.ProceduresStudies from the scientific literature that investigate the biological effects of radiation doses relevant to μCT were reviewed. The different dose measurement methodologies used in the peer-reviewed literature were also reviewed. The CT dose index 100 (CTDI100) was then measured on the Quantum GX μCT instrument. A low contrast phantom, a hydroxyapatite phantom, and a mouse were also imaged to provide examples of how the dose can affect image quality.ResultsData in the scientific literature indicate that scenarios exist where radiation doses used in μCT imaging are high enough to potentially bias experimental results. The significance of this effect may relate to the study outcome and tissue being imaged. CTDI100 is a reasonable metric to use for dose characterization in μCT. Dose rates in the Quantum GX vary based on the amount of material in the beam path and are a function of X-ray tube voltage. The CTDI100 in air for a Quantum GX can be as low as 5.1 mGy for a 50 kVp scan and 9.9 mGy for a 90 kVp scan. This dose is low enough to visualize bone both in a mouse image and in a hydroxyapatite phantom, but applications requiring higher resolution in a mouse or less noise in a low-contrast phantom benefit from longer scan times with increased dose.ConclusionsDose management should be considered when designing μCT studies. Dose rates in the Quantum GX are compatible with longitudinal μCT imaging.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many preclinical oncology studies use SCID mice which have increased radiosensitivity and a defective DNA repair mechanism [26, 66]. Tumors derived from SCID mice are more susceptible to high doses of radiation than tumors derived from C3H mice [25], which may be related to endothelial biology [67].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dosimetry in Micro-computed Tomography: a Review of the Measurement Methods, Impacts, and Characterization of the Quantum GX Imaging System

Meganck

Liu

2016

Mol Imaging Biol

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“…The recipient mice were exposed to 11.5, 12.0, 12.5, 13.0 and 14.0 Gy 60 Co γ-radiation doses, and then, 24 h after irradiation mice were transfused with 5 million PBMCs from TS-injected mice (details provided under ‘Materials and Methods’), and subsequently monitored for survival for 30 days post-irradiation. CD2F1 mice are relatively radio-resistant [46, 47] when compared with BALB/c or C3H animals, as indicated by the absence of the commonly noted early wave of deaths (at ∼6 d) after irradiation with radiation doses as high as 15 Gy. Data shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alpha-tocopherol succinate- and AMD3100-mobilized progenitors mitigate radiation combined injury in mice

Singh

Wise

Fatanmi

et al. 2013

Journal of Radiation Research

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The purpose of this study was to elucidate the role of alpha-tocopherol succinate (TS)- and AMD3100-mobilized progenitors in mitigating combined injury associated with acute radiation exposure in combination with secondary physical wounding. CD2F1 mice were exposed to high doses of cobalt-60 gamma-radiation and then transfused intravenously with 5 million peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from TS- and AMD3100-injected mice after irradiation. Within 1 h after irradiation, mice were exposed to secondary wounding. Mice were observed for 30 d after irradiation and cytokine analysis was conducted by multiplex Luminex assay at various time-points after irradiation and wounding. Our results initially demonstrated that transfusion of TS-mobilized progenitors from normal mice enhanced survival of acutely irradiated mice exposed 24 h prior to transfusion to supralethal doses (11.5–12.5 Gy) of 60Co gamma-radiation. Subsequently, comparable transfusions of TS-mobilized progenitors were shown to significantly mitigate severe combined injuries in acutely irradiated mice. TS administered 24 h before irradiation was able to protect mice against combined injury as well. Cytokine results demonstrated that wounding modulates irradiation-induced cytokines. This study further supports the conclusion that the infusion of TS-mobilized progenitor-containing PBMCs acts as a bridging therapy in radiation-combined-injury mice. We suggest that this novel bridging therapeutic approach involving the infusion of TS-mobilized hematopoietic progenitors following acute radiation exposure or combined injury might be applicable to humans.

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“…Iwakawa et al reported that skin reactions begin from day 10 and reach a maximum at 20-25 d post-irradiation, using 20-60 Gy X-rays in five strains of mice. 25) Therefore, the detection of iNOS protein at 10-14 d suggests that the expression of iNOS is an early event of the skin reaction after X-ray irradiation. Since eNOS or nNOS expression was not detected in X-ray irradiated skin, the NO observed in X-ray irradiated skin is probably derived from iNOS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo Nitric Oxide Production and iNOS Expression in X-Ray Irradiated Mouse Skin

Chi

Ozawa²,

Anzai³

2006

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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The skin, as the outermost barrier of the body, must provide the first line of defense against environmental free radical attack caused by, for example, exposure to UV radiation, ionizing radiation, chemical oxidants, and aerobic microorganisms. Therefore, the skin has developed a complex antioxidant network that includes enzymatic and non-enzymatic components. 1)Prolonged exposure of the skin to UV radiation results in inflammation including erythema and edema formation. 2)Premature aging, immune suppression and skin cancer are its possible late effects.3) Erythema formation is the result of local increases of blood flow, in the regulation of which nitric oxide (NO) has been known to play an important role. 4) In fact, UV radiation-mediated expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was reported in the vessel endothelia of normal human skin and in cultured human dermal endothelial cells. 5) iNOS has been implicated in the pathogeneses of various inflammatory syndromes, including asthma, 6) transplant rejection, 7) inflammatory bowel disease, 8) rheumatoid arthritis, 9) septic shock 10) and parasitic infections.11) The expression of iNOS is also strongly implicated in psoriasis 12) and other inflammatory skin conditions including UV irradiation as stated above.5) Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been connected with the pathogenesis of both inflammation syndromes 13) and UV-caused skin damage. 14) Similarly, the predominant event for ionizing irradiation of cell and tissue is the generation of ROS, for example, hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anion.15) In addition, the involvement of iNOSderived NO in acute radiation syndrome is suggested by an increase of iNOS gene expression or iNOS enzyme activity in the liver, 16) intestine, 17) colon and ileum 18) and brain. 19,20) NO has been detected in liver 21) and mammary tumorigenesis 22) after X-ray irradiation. However, there is no report on the direct measurement of the generation of NO and the expression of related enzymes, nitric oxide synthase, in ionizing radiation induced skin inflammatory reactions. In the present study we tried to measure NO production and NOS expression in mouse skin after high-dose X-ray irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODSReagents Leupeptin, aprotinin, pepstatin, sodium orthovanadate and sodium fluoride were products of Sigma. AntiiNOS polyclonal antibody was a product of Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc., Santa Cruz, U.S.A. (Catalog number: sc-650). The 5-20% resolving mini gels were purchased from BioRad Laboratories. Peroxidase linked anti-mouse and antirabbit secondary antibodies were products of Amersham Biosciences Co., Piscataway, U.S.A. (Catalog number: NA-934 and NA-931, respectively). Water was double distilled and treated with an ultra-pure water apparatus (Simpli Lab, Nihon Millipore K.K., Tokyo, Japan). Hematoxylin was from Vector Laboratories, Inc., Burlingame, CA, U.S.A. (Cat. No. H-4301) and 0.5% eosin Y ethanol solution was from Wako Inc., Japan. Aminoguanidine was purchased from Sigma. DNA ladder marker was the pro...

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Different Radiation Susceptibility among Five Strains of Mice Detected by a Skin Reaction

Cited by 33 publications

References 18 publications

Dosimetry in Micro-computed Tomography: a Review of the Measurement Methods, Impacts, and Characterization of the Quantum GX Imaging System

Dosimetry in Micro-computed Tomography: a Review of the Measurement Methods, Impacts, and Characterization of the Quantum GX Imaging System

Alpha-tocopherol succinate- and AMD3100-mobilized progenitors mitigate radiation combined injury in mice

In Vivo Nitric Oxide Production and iNOS Expression in X-Ray Irradiated Mouse Skin

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