Different sides of the same coin? Intercorrelations of cognitive biases in schizophrenia

Moritz, Steffen; Veckenstedt, Ruth; Hottenrott, Birgit; Woodward, Todd S.; Randjbar, Sarah; Lincoln, Tania M.

doi:10.1080/13546800903399993

Cited by 89 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…This may be one reason why some studies using the traditional variant did not detect strong JTC in paranoid schizophrenia across all variants of the probabilistic reasoning task [68]. Alternative measures [25, 43, 70, 71] may be better in this regard and should at least complement the administration of the probabilistic reasoning task. One may also investigate whether another version of the beads task which separates ratings for the two choices [72] is more sensitive to paranoia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, the task used fish/lakes instead of beads/jars [30] which, however, can be regarded as a minor modification as this setup is quite intuitive and has elucidated group differences in other studies [43]. Perhaps more important, the novel task requested subjects to perform two judgments: first they were asked to provide an estimate of the probability that a (sequence of) fish is from lake A or B and then whether they would decide for one of the lakes or not.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present study was the first to conduct a head-to-head comparison of a version modeled after the traditional variant of the beads task [24] and a new paradigm that assesses probability estimates and decision judgments within one task [43]. We were interested to see if the pattern of results and psychopathological correlates is comparable across tasks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Jumping to Conclusions Is Associated with Paranoia but Not General Suspiciousness: A Comparison of Two Versions of the Probabilistic Reasoning Paradigm

Moritz

Quaquebeke

Lincoln

2012

Schizophrenia Research and Treatment

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Theoretical models ascribe jumping to conclusions (JTCs) a prominent role in the pathogenesis of paranoia. While many earlier studies corroborated this account, some newer investigations have found no or only small associations of the JTC bias with paranoid symptoms. The present study examined whether these inconsistencies in part reflect methodological differences across studies. The study was built upon the psychometric high-risk paradigm. A total of 1899 subjects from the general population took part in an online survey and were administered the Paranoia Checklist as well as one of two different variants of the probabilistic reasoning task: one variant with a traditional instruction (a) and one novel variant that combines probability estimates with decision judgments (b). Factor analysis of the Paranoia Checklist yielded an unspecific suspiciousness factor and a psychotic paranoia factor. The latter was significantly associated with scores indicating hasty decision making. Subjects scoring two standard deviations above the mean of the Paranoia Checklist showed an abnormal data-gathering style relative to subjects with normal scores. Findings suggest that the so-called decision threshold parameter is more sensitive than the conventional JTC index. For future research the specific contents of paranoid beliefs deserve more consideration in the investigation of decision making in schizophrenia as JTC seems to be associated with core psychosis-prone features of paranoia only.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Jumping to Conclusions Is Associated with Paranoia but Not General Suspiciousness: A Comparison of Two Versions of the Probabilistic Reasoning Paradigm

Moritz

Quaquebeke

Lincoln

2012

Schizophrenia Research and Treatment

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“…Jumping to conclusion (JTC) bias was measured using the fish task (Moritz et al, 2010a;Speechley et al, 2010). Participants were shown two lakes with two different colors of fish in opposite ratios (80% and 20%).…”

Section: Social Cognition and Cognitive Biasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metacognitive and social cognition training (MSCT) in schizophrenia: A preliminary efficacy study

Rocha

Queirós

2013

Schizophrenia Research

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A B S T R A C TPsychosocial interventions have proven to be effective in treating social cognition in people with psychotic disorders. The current study aimed to determine the effects of a metacognitive and social cognition training (MSCT) program, designed to both remediate deficits and correct biases in social cognition. Thirty-five clinically stable outpatients were recruited and assigned to the MSCT program (n = 19) for 10 weeks (18 sessions) or to the TAU group (n = 16), and they all completed pre-and post-treatment assessments of social cognition, cogni-tive biases, functioning and symptoms. The MSCT group demonstrated a significant improvement in theory of mind, social perception, emotion recognition and social functioning. Additionally, the tendency to jump to conclusions was significantly reduced among the MSCT group after training. There were no differential benefits regarding clinical symptoms except for one trend group effect for general psychopathology. The results support the efficacy of the MSCT format, but further development of the training program is required to increase the benefits related to attributional style. K e y w o r d s : Schizophrenia Social cognition Rehabilitation Cognitive bias Metacognition

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“…4,9 A second construct pertains to a certain incorrigibility, which manifests as disturbed integration of disambiguating or disconfirmatory evidence 7,[10][11][12] and increased confidence in false judgments. 13,14 Evidence gathering and incorrigibility have been shown to be largely independent from each other, 15,16 though intercorrel ated to some extent. 16,17 Interestingly, current work suggests that they respond differently to antipsychotic medication in clinical populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dopamine effects on evidence gathering and integration

Andreou

Schneider

Braun

et al. 2015

J Psychiatry Neurosci

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Different sides of the same coin? Intercorrelations of cognitive biases in schizophrenia

Abstract: The study lends tentative support for the claim that candidate cognitive mechanisms for delusions only partially overlap, and thus encourage current approaches to target these biases independently via (meta)cognitive training.

Cited by 89 publications

References 63 publications

Jumping to Conclusions Is Associated with Paranoia but Not General Suspiciousness: A Comparison of Two Versions of the Probabilistic Reasoning Paradigm

Jumping to Conclusions Is Associated with Paranoia but Not General Suspiciousness: A Comparison of Two Versions of the Probabilistic Reasoning Paradigm

Metacognitive and social cognition training (MSCT) in schizophrenia: A preliminary efficacy study

Dopamine effects on evidence gathering and integration

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