Differential Ability Scales--Second Edition

Elliott, Colin

doi:10.1037/t15074-000

Cited by 176 publications

(105 citation statements)

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“…Children were shown a series of two-dimensional patterns composed of black and yellow segments and were required to reconstruct each pattern using three-dimensional blocks (whose surfaces were yellow, black, or half-yellow and half-black) as quickly as possible. Following standard discontinue rules (Elliot, 1990), testing discontinued if children failed to reconstruct correctly the pattern or exceeded the time limit on four out of five consecutive trials. I converted the individual item scores, based on both accuracy and speed, to ability scores using tables in the test manual.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Individual differences in executive function and central coherence predict developmental changes in theory of mind in autism.

Pellicano¹

2010

Developmental Psychology

213

165

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There is strong evidence to suggest that individuals with autism show atypicalities in multiple cognitive domains, including theory of mind (ToM), executive function (EF), and central coherence (CC). In this study, the longitudinal relationships among these 3 aspects of cognition in autism were investigated. Thirty-seven cognitively able children with an autism spectrum condition were assessed on tests targeting ToM (false-belief prediction), EF (planning ability, cognitive flexibility, and inhibitory control), and CC (local processing) at intake and again 3 years later. Time 1 EF and CC skills were longitudinally predictive of change in children's ToM test performance, independent of age, language, nonverbal intelligence, and early ToM skills. Predictive relations in the opposite direction were not significant, and there were no developmental links between EF and CC. Rather than showing problems in ToM, EF and CC as co-occurring and independent atypicalities in autism, these findings suggest that early domain-general skills play a critical role in shaping the developmental trajectory of children's ToM.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pattern construction task (from the Differential Ability Scales; Elliott, 1990). This block construction task is similar in nature to Wechsler's (1999) Block Design subtest but contains a larger range of items (2-, 4-, and 9-block patterns), and can be administered to children of a wider age range (3-17 years).…”

Section: Embedded Figures Test (Eft)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual differences in executive function and central coherence predict developmental changes in theory of mind in autism.

Pellicano¹

2010

Developmental Psychology

213

165

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“…Participants were administered standardized measures of intellectual or developmental functioning. Depending on age and functioning level, participants received one of the following tests: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales (SB-5 [ 41 ];), the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-V [ 57 ];), the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI-II [ 56 ];), the Differential Ability Scales (DAS, DAS-II [ 18 ];), or the Mullen Scales of Early Learning [ 33 ]. Developmental quotients [DQ: (mental age/chronological age * 100)] scores were computed from subtest-level age equivalent scores in order to combine data across the different IQ tests administered.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social visual attentional engagement and memory in Phelan-McDermid syndrome and autism spectrum disorder: a pilot eye tracking study

Guillory

Baskett

Grosman

et al. 2021

J Neurodevelop Disord

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Background The current study used eye tracking to investigate attention and recognition memory in Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS), a rare genetic disorder characterized by intellectual disability, motor delays, and a high likelihood of comorbid autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Social deficits represent a core feature of ASD, including decreased propensity to orient to or show preference for social stimuli. Methods We used a visual paired-comparison task with both social and non-social images, assessing looking behavior to a novel image versus a previously viewed familiar image to characterize social attention and recognition memory in PMS (n = 22), idiopathic ASD (iASD, n = 38), and typically developing (TD) controls (n = 26). The idiopathic ASD cohort was divided into subgroups with intellectual disabilities (ID; developmental quotient < 70) and without (developmental quotient > 70) and the PMS group into those with and without a co-morbid ASD diagnosis. Results On measures of attention, the PMS group with a comorbid ASD diagnosis spent less time viewing the social images compared to non-social images; the rate of looking back and forth between images was lowest in the iASD with ID group. Furthermore, while all groups demonstrated intact recognition memory when novel non-social stimuli were initially presented (pre-switch), participants with PMS showed no preference during the post-switch memory presentation. In iASD, the group without ID, but not the group with ID, showed a novelty preference for social stimuli. Across indices, individuals with PMS and ASD performed more similarly to PMS without ASD and less similarly to the iASD group. Conclusion These findings demonstrate further evidence of differences in attention and memory for social stimuli in ASD and provide contrasts between iASD and PMS.

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“…Cognitive and executive function. Cognitive function was measured using the Differential Ability Scales, Second Edition (DAS-II; Elliott, 2007). The DAS-II provides a norm-referenced General Conceptual Ability score (M ϭ 100, SD ϭ 15) that can be considered a measure of overall IQ due to its high correlation with other IQ tests (Elliott, 2007).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cognitive function was measured using the Differential Ability Scales, Second Edition (DAS-II; Elliott, 2007). The DAS-II provides a norm-referenced General Conceptual Ability score (M ϭ 100, SD ϭ 15) that can be considered a measure of overall IQ due to its high correlation with other IQ tests (Elliott, 2007). The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF; Gioia, Isquith, Guy, & Kenworthy, 2000) assesses the behavioral aspects of executive function and provides age-standardized T scores (M ϭ 50, SD ϭ 10).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diminished social attention in pediatric brain tumor survivors: Using eye tracking technology during naturalistic social perception.

Hocking¹,

Parish‐Morris²,

Schultz³

et al. 2020

Neuropsychology

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Objective:The etiology of pediatric brain tumor survivor (PBTSs) social difficulties is not well understood. A model of social competence for youth with brain disorder and evidence from youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) suggests that diminished social attention may underlie social deficits in PBTSs. This study used eye tracking technology to compare visual social attention in PBTSs, youth with ASD, and typically developing (TD) youth. Methods: Participants included 90 age-, gender-, and IQ-matched youth (N ϭ 30 per group). PBTSs were at least 5 years from diagnosis and 2 years from the completion of tumor-directed therapy. Participants' eye gaze patterns were recorded while watching an established social play paradigm that presented videos of children engaging in either interactive or parallel play. Group differences in proportional gaze duration toward social versus nonsocial areas of interest were compared. Medical correlates of social attention in PBTSs were evaluated. Results: Groups significantly differed in gaze preference across conditions, with PBTSs looking less at social areas of interest than TD youth and in a manner comparable to youth with ASD. Among PBTSs, multimodal tumor-directed therapy was associated with reduced gaze preference for faces. Conclusions: This study provides the first evidence of disrupted social attention in PBTSs, with parallels to the social attention deficits observed in ASD. Findings offer a new way to conceptualize the social difficulties of PBTSs and could guide interventions aimed at improving PBTS social adjustment by increasing visual attention to socially relevant information during social interactions.

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Differential Ability Scales--Second Edition

Cited by 176 publications

References 0 publications

Individual differences in executive function and central coherence predict developmental changes in theory of mind in autism.

Individual differences in executive function and central coherence predict developmental changes in theory of mind in autism.

Social visual attentional engagement and memory in Phelan-McDermid syndrome and autism spectrum disorder: a pilot eye tracking study

Diminished social attention in pediatric brain tumor survivors: Using eye tracking technology during naturalistic social perception.

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