Differential apoptosis in BeWo cells after infection with highly (RH) or moderately (ME49) virulent strains of Toxoplasma gondii is related to the cytokine profile secreted, the death receptor Fas expression and phosphorylated ERK1/2 expression

Angeloni, Mariana Bodini; Guirelli, Pâmela Mendonça; Franco, Priscila Silva; Barbosa, Bellisa Freitas; Gomes, A. da S.; Castro, A.S.; Silva, N.M.; Martins‐Filho, Olindo Assis; Mineo, Tiago W. P.; Silva, D.A.O.; Ferro, Eloísa Amália Vieira

doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2013.09.005

Cited by 32 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In parallel, T. gondii tachyzoites from ME49 strain (moderate virulence) were provided from Dr. Karine Resende, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, MG, Brazil. Both parasite strains were maintained in culture flasks containing BeWo cells in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with penicillin, streptomycin and 2% FBS at 37°C and 5% CO 2 (Angeloni et al, 2013; Barbosa et al, 2015). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enrofloxacin and Toltrazuril Are Able to Reduce Toxoplasma gondii Growth in Human BeWo Trophoblastic Cells and Villous Explants from Human Third Trimester Pregnancy

Silva

Gomes

Franco

et al. 2017

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Classical treatment for congenital toxoplasmosis is based on combination of sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine plus folinic acid. Due to teratogenic effects and bone marrow suppression caused by pyrimethamine, the establishment of new therapeutic strategies is indispensable to minimize the side effects and improve the control of infection. Previous studies demonstrated that enrofloxacin and toltrazuril reduced the incidence of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii infection. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of enrofloxacin and toltrazuril in the control of T. gondii infection in human trophoblast cells (BeWo line) and in human villous explants from the third trimester. BeWo cells and villous were treated with several concentrations of enrofloxacin, toltrazuril, sulfadiazine, pyrimethamine, or combination of sulfadiazine+pyrimethamine, and the cellular or tissue viability was verified. Next, BeWo cells were infected by T. gondii (2F1 clone or the ME49 strain), whereas villous samples were only infected by the 2F1 clone. Then, infected cells and villous were treated with all antibiotics and the T. gondii intracellular proliferation as well as the cytokine production were analyzed. Finally, we evaluated the direct effect of enrofloxacin and toltrazuril in tachyzoites to verify possible changes in parasite structure. Enrofloxacin and toltrazuril did not decrease the viability of cells and villous in lower concentrations. Both drugs were able to significantly reduce the parasite intracellular proliferation in BeWo cells and villous explants when compared to untreated conditions. Regardless of the T. gondii strain, BeWo cells infected and treated with enrofloxacin or toltrazuril induced high levels of IL-6 and MIF. In villous explants, enrofloxacin induced high MIF production. Finally, the drugs increased the number of unviable parasites and triggered damage to tachyzoite structure. Taken together, it can be concluded that enrofloxacin and toltrazuril are able to control T. gondii infection in BeWo cells and villous explants, probably by a direct action on the host cells and parasites, which leads to modifications of cytokine release and tachyzoite structure.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enrofloxacin and Toltrazuril Are Able to Reduce Toxoplasma gondii Growth in Human BeWo Trophoblastic Cells and Villous Explants from Human Third Trimester Pregnancy

Silva

Gomes

Franco

et al. 2017

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…Toxoplasma gondii infection can have profound effects on the systemic maternal cellular immune responses and affects normal immune mechanisms at the maternal‐foetal interface and can thus influence pregnancy outcome . T. gondii strains with different virulence are known to infect decidual immune cell populations and the placenta, a prime anatomical location to alter immune responses at the maternal‐foetal interface . On the other hand, the immunomodulation during pregnancy may contribute to the development of an environment (dominated by Th2 and Treg cells) that facilitates the escape of T. gondii from the immune response, leading to increased maternal pathology or an increased likelihood of congenital transmission …”

Section: Effect Of T Gondii Infection On the Developing Placenta Dementioning

confidence: 99%

How does toxoplasmosis affect the maternal‐foetal immune interface and pregnancy?

Borges

Silva

Brito

et al. 2018

Parasite Immunology

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Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite which, depending on the geographical location, can infect between 10% and 90% of humans. Infection during pregnancy may result in congenital toxoplasmosis. The effects on the foetus vary depending on the stage of gestation in which primary maternal infection arises. A large body of research has focused on understanding immune response to toxoplasmosis, although few studies have addressed how it is affected by pregnancy or the pathological consequences of infection at the maternal-foetal interface. There is a lack of knowledge about how maternal immune cells, specifically macrophages, are modulated during infection and the resulting consequences for parasite control and pathology. Herein, we discuss the potential of T. gondii infection to affect the maternal-foetal interface and the potential of pregnancy to disrupt maternal immunity to T. gondii infection. K E Y W O R D Sactivated-macrophage, congenital toxoplasmosis, immunopathogenesis, maternal-foetal Interface, pregnancy, zoonosis

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“…In contrast, type I‐infected cells had a higher production of anti‐inflammatory cytokines including TGF‐b1 and IL‐10 (Angeloni et al . ). Their results indicate that type I and type II strains of T. gondii possess opposing mechanism of interference in apoptosis: avirulent type II strain elicited an effective mechanism directed at alerting and activating host's immune system, while virulent type I strain employed strategy to evade of the immune response (Angeloni et al .…”

Section: Strain‐related Differences In Pathogenicitymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…To explore the factors involved in the differential apoptosis, Angeloni et al . () investigated the profile of cytokines secreted by BeWo cells infected with type I or type II strain of T. gondii . Interestingly, type II‐infected BeWo cells exhibited a predominantly pro‐inflammatory cytokine profile, with higher secretion of MIF, TNF‐a, IL‐12, IL‐17A and IL‐6.…”

Section: Strain‐related Differences In Pathogenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain hypothesis ofToxoplasma gondiiinfection on the outcome of human diseases

Xiao¹,

Yolken²

2015

Acta Physiologica

156

104

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The intracellular protozoan Toxoplasma gondii is an exceptionally successful food- and waterborne parasite that infects approximately 1 billion people worldwide. Genotyping of T. gondii isolates from all continents revealed a complex population structure. Recent research supports the notion that T. gondii genotype may be associated with disease severity. Here, we (1) discuss molecular and serological approaches for designation of T. gondii strain type, (2) overview the literatures on the association of T. gondii strain type and the outcome of human disease, and (3) explore possible mechanisms underlying these strain specific pathology and severity of human toxoplasmosis. Although no final conclusions can be drawn, it is clear that virulent strains (e. g. strains containing type I or atypical alleles) are significantly more often associated with increased frequency and severity of human toxoplasmosis. The significance of highly virulent strains can cause severe diseases in immunocompetent patients and might implicated in brain disorders such as schizophrenia should led to reconsideration of toxoplasmosis. Further studies that combine parasite strain typing and human factor analysis (e.g. immune status and genetic background) are required for better understanding of human susceptibility or resistance to toxoplasmosis.

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Differential apoptosis in BeWo cells after infection with highly (RH) or moderately (ME49) virulent strains of Toxoplasma gondii is related to the cytokine profile secreted, the death receptor Fas expression and phosphorylated ERK1/2 expression

Cited by 32 publications

References 36 publications

Enrofloxacin and Toltrazuril Are Able to Reduce Toxoplasma gondii Growth in Human BeWo Trophoblastic Cells and Villous Explants from Human Third Trimester Pregnancy

Enrofloxacin and Toltrazuril Are Able to Reduce Toxoplasma gondii Growth in Human BeWo Trophoblastic Cells and Villous Explants from Human Third Trimester Pregnancy

How does toxoplasmosis affect the maternal‐foetal immune interface and pregnancy?

Strain hypothesis ofToxoplasma gondiiinfection on the outcome of human diseases

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