Differential changes in bone mineral density of the appendicular and axial skeleton with aging: relationship to spinal osteoporosis.

Riggs, B. Lawrence; Wahner, Heinz W.; Dunn, William L.; Mazess, Richard B.; Offord, Kenneth P.; Melton, L. Joseph

doi:10.1172/jci110039

Cited by 1,132 publications

(361 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(16 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

311

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The significant correlations found between BMD at both skeletal sites and factors such as age, height, and weight in RA patients have been previously observed in studies of normal subjects (24) and were seen in our own control groups. The significant differences in age between patients and controls of both sexes (Table 1) were corrected for by comparing regressions of BMD against age.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Determinants of axial bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis

Sambrook

Eisman

Champion

et al. 1987

Arthritis & Rheumatism

189

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To assess mechanisms that cause generalized osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we measured bone mineral density (BMD) by dual photon absorptiometry in the lumbar spine and femoral neck of 111 patients with RA. BMD was significantly reduced at both sites in these patients. Physical activity correlated significantly with BMD in patients with RA, and was found, by multiple regression analysis, to be a significant predictor of femoral bone density in female patients. Multiparity exerted a protective effect on lumbar bone density. Prednisolone (mean dosage 8 mg/day) was not associated with significantly increased bone loss in women, whereas higher dosages in men (mean 10.3 mg/day) were associated with increased lumbar bone loss. Reduced physical activity leading to a form of disuse osteoporosis appears to be an important factor in axial bone loss in RA.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Determinants of axial bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis

Sambrook

Eisman

Champion

et al. 1987

Arthritis & Rheumatism

189

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…From the data presented here and elsewhere, 6,15,16,18,20,22,23,29 the natural history of bone mass loss appears to be di erent depending on whether it is due to immobilization, menopause, hormonal, or age related factors. The di erences between our results and the studies available in the literature may be explained by the special population included in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…These results are contrary to Chantrine A et al 15 and Uebelhart et al 25 Possible reasons for the higher than normal BMD in the lumbar spine in our population might be that (1) the lumbar spine has become the primary weight bearing region or (2) neuropathic osteoarthropathy consisting of disk space loss, bone sclerosis, fragmentation, osteophytosis, and subluxation as well as degenerative disease which may have caused di used increased radiodensity of the spinal column. 26 ± 28 Riggs et al 22 showed that in normal men vertebral and appendicular bone diminution with aging was minimal or insigni®cant. In cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, Biering-Sorensen et al 15,16 showed that BMC of the femoral bone was continuously and signi®cantly decreased (25% lower) in spinal cord injured patients between the age of 20 and 55 compared to normal individuals, while the BMC of the lumbar spine was nearly unchanged.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Densitometric patterns of spinal cord injury associated bone loss

Szollar

Martin²,

Parthemore³

et al. 1997

Spinal Cord

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The purpose of the study was to use dual energy X-ray absorptiometry to measure bone mineral density (BMD) in the lumbar spine, the femoral neck, Ward's triangle, and the greater trochanter in 204 men (69 able-bodies controls and 135 spinal cord injured patients) strati®ed according to age (20 ± 39, 40 ± 59, and 60+ years old) in order to determine whether changes in BMD were age related, and to determine when these changes began to appear. The BMDs of the lumbar spine of both the 40 ± 59 year old and the 60+ year old patients were signi®cantly higher (P40.012) than the 40 ± 59 year old and 60+ year old controls, respectively. The femoral region BMDs of the 20 ± 39 year old and the 40 ± 59 year old patients were all signi®cantly lower (P40.027) than the 20 ± 39 year old and 40 ± 59 year old controls, respectively. When patients were grouped according to the time since their injury (0 ± 1, 1 ± 5, 6 ± 9, 10 ± 19, 20 ± 29, 30 ± 39, 40 ± 49, and 50 ± 59 years post injury) within the various age categories di erent results were obtained. In all the age categories, BMD loss occurred starting one year after spinal cord injury in the hip region. This bone loss took place gradually, reaching a signi®cant plateau (P40.017) at 19 years post injury and then started improving. The spine BMD in our patient population never signi®cantly decreased, and started improving as the age of the injury increased. Findings presented for the femoral regions were similar to other investigators' ®ndings; however, the steady bone mass maintained in the lumbar area, which increased with age regardless of the age of the injury, with the bone mass loss in the hip area, were the most notable new ®ndings.Keywords: spinal cord injury; spinal cord injury associated bone mass loss; bone mineral density (BMD); dual energy X-ray absorptometry (DEXA)

show abstract

“…The surface area of cancellous trabecular bones such as the epiphysis of long bones as well as the lumbar vertebral body is larger than that of compact bone, such that the bone transition of the cancellous bone is greater than that of the compact bone when estrogen is not sufficient . Riggs (Riggs et al, 1981) reported that the reformation rate of cancellous bone was nine times higher than that of compact bone. Cortical osteoporosis begins in the late stage of osteoporosis.…”

Section: Prevention Of Osteoporosis In Micementioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of Osteoporosis in Mice after Ovariectomy via Allograft of Microencapsulated Ovarian Cells

Guo

Zhou

et al. 2010

The Anatomical Record

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It is believed that estrogen deficiency is one of the major risk factors associated with osteoporosis. To investigate the effects of the transplantation of microencapsulated ovarian cells in estrogen-deficient mice, ovarian cells from female Kunming (KM) mice (6-weeks old) were separated, cultured, and microencapsulated with alginic acid-polylysine-alginic acid. Female KM mice (8-weeks old) were randomly separated into three groups: intact (normal), ovariectomized (OVX), and treatment (OVXþ implantation). Microencapsulated ovarian cells were found to secrete estrogen at normal levels in vitro. Ninety days after transplantation, serum estradiol levels in the OVX group were significantly lower, and the trabecular bone amount and volume were decreased when compared with the normal group. The expression of alkaline phosphatase in chondrocytes appeared lower, while the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) in the bone matrix was higher. The ratio of MMP-9-positive chondrocytes and osteoblasts to osteoclasts was significantly lower than that of the normal group. The concentrations of hydroxyproline (Hyp), Ca, and P in the left femurs of the OVX group were lower than those of the normal group. However, the aforementioned changes were not seen in the treatment group. In conclusion, microencapsulated ovarian cells survive well after transplantation and secrete estrogen in vivo, and they can prevent in some degree osteoporosis caused by ovariectomy. Anat Rec,

show abstract

Differential changes in bone mineral density of the appendicular and axial skeleton with aging: relationship to spinal osteoporosis.

Cited by 1,132 publications

References 19 publications

Determinants of axial bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis

Determinants of axial bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis

Densitometric patterns of spinal cord injury associated bone loss

Prevention of Osteoporosis in Mice after Ovariectomy via Allograft of Microencapsulated Ovarian Cells

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About