Differential Contribution of the Sexes to Prefledged Young in Red-Throated Loons

Reimchen, T. E.; Douglas, Sheila

doi:10.2307/4086848

Cited by 11 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Our results concerning parental investment are to some extent contradictory to what Reimchen & Douglas (1985) reported from British Columbia. They found that the female made significantly more foraging trips but brought smaller fish to the nesting site.…”

Section: Parental Investment In Foragingcontrasting

confidence: 99%

Parental feeding in the Red‐throated Diver Gavia stellata

Eriksson

Blomqvist

Hake

et al. 1990

Ibis

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We describe parental feeding by Red‐throated Divers Gavia stellata from 14.2–44.7 h of observation on each of eight pairs, coordinated with simultaneous observations at potential fishing lakes, in southwest Sweden. All pairs bred on small tarns (0.8–10 ha), normally devoid offish, and foraged in larger freshwater lakes 1.9–7.7 km away from the breeding site. Most pairs directed the majority of the foraging trips to the same lake. On average, parents made seven foraging trips per day per young. Both parents contributed to feeding activities and, in broods of two young, each chick obtained an equal amount of food. Cyprinid fish (mainly Rutilus rutilus) and salmonids (mainly Coregonus albula) dominated. Qualitative predictions from central‐place foraging theory concerning relationships between the time for a foraging trip and the size of prey delivered by a single‐prey loader were not corroborated. The amounts of fish biomass delivered were in agreement with or lower than predictions from models on daily energy requirements; this result is related to the decreased abundance of fish in acidified freshwater lakes and the decline of Red‐throated Diver populations in south Sweden.

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Section: Parental Investment In Foragingcontrasting

confidence: 99%

Parental feeding in the Red‐throated Diver Gavia stellata

Eriksson

Blomqvist

Hake

et al. 1990

Ibis

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“…Norberg 1976, Eriksson et al 1990). Because many fish (7-14) are fed to each chick daily (Reimchen and Douglas 1985, Dickson 1992, Eriksson et al 1990, foraging flights are frequent, making them costly in time and energy (Norberg and Norberg 1971, 1976, Davis 1972). Often only one of the two chicks is raised to fledging.…”

Section: Reproductive Success Of Birds Is Usually Determined By the Amentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, foraging adults may not be capable of delivering enough fish to both young, resulting in starvation-related mortality of chicks. Second, adults may maintain an adequate feeding frequency at the expense of time spent guarding and defending chicks against predators, increasing predator success (Fagerstr•Sm et al 1983, Reimchen andDouglas 1985).…”

Section: Reproductive Success Of Birds Is Usually Determined By the Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Nest-Site Location on Reproductive Success of Red-Throated Loons (Gavia Stellata)

Picman

1993

The Auk

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Red-throated Loon (Gavia stellata) nests on the shores of freshwater ponds of the Arctic tundra and forages in nearby marine waters. We examined the effects of distance of the nest from foraging waters and of microclimate at the nest site on the loon's reproductive success. As distance from the ocean increased, both density and nesting success decreased. Although hatching success did not vary with distance, success in rearing both chicks was significantly lower at distances greater than 9 km from the ocean. Loons with nests further from the ocean fed chicks less often and spent more time on foraging flights than did loons nesting within 9 km of the ocean. Brood reduction in nests far from the ocean presumably resulted from nestling starvation, and possibly also from higher predation due to less effective nest defense. We suggest that the higher density of breeding loons in areas near the ocean reflects preference of these birds for nesting grounds that are closer to their foraging areas. Microclimatic conditions also influenced reproductive success. In areas available for nesting earlier in the year, the loons initiated nesting earlier, but the probability of their reproductive failure due to predation was higher. However, successful pairs in these areas raised larger broods (two chicks) more often than those in areas where birds started breeding later.

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“…Parker (1988) and Alvo et al(1988) sampled potential prey in waters frequented by loons, attempting to relate variety and abundance of prey to reproductive success and effects of man-induced acidification . Reimchen & Douglas (1985) calculated food consumption and requirements of Red-throated Loon (Gavia stellata) chicks from estimated sizes of fish carried by parents and the number of successful foraging flights .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspects of Common Loon (Gavia immer) feeding biology on its breeding ground

Barr¹

1996

Hydrobiologia

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Field studies and experiments with hand-reared loons found loons to be facultative predators, foraging on a variety of fishes, crustateans and other aquatic animals . Loons selected certain species and size of prey when present, favoured fusiform shapes and atypical, erratic swimming behavior, but took the most readily available and susceptible to capture, often yellow perch . Chick feeding behaviour developed during the first 8 wks after which physical maturity permitted independent feeding . Juveniles resembled adults in size and shape by wk-11, and were capable of catching all of their own food . Evidence suggests that loons are not harmful to sport fisheries and may be beneficial by supressing species competing with game fish .Territories averaged 72 ha, and food may be a determinant for minimum size . Based on the average amount of food required by a chick for its first 15 wks (53 kg), plus the daily consumption of older birds (960 g), a pair of loons rearing 2 chicks could remove about 423 kg of food during 5 .5 months on territory .

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Differential Contribution of the Sexes to Prefledged Young in Red-Throated Loons

Cited by 11 publications

References 13 publications

Parental feeding in the Red‐throated Diver Gavia stellata

Parental feeding in the Red‐throated Diver Gavia stellata

Effect of Nest-Site Location on Reproductive Success of Red-Throated Loons (Gavia Stellata)

Aspects of Common Loon (Gavia immer) feeding biology on its breeding ground

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