Differential cytokine response of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells in crossbred cattle, Tharparkar cattle and Murrah buffalo - An in vitro study

Abstract

Mastitis is a complex disease responsible for huge economic losses to the dairy sector. The causal organisms include a wide variety of micro-organisms including several species of bacteria. Escherichia coli has been identified as one of the most common gram-negative bacteria causing clinical mastitis in cattle. The immune system, of different species and/or breeds, tries to combat these pathogens in an inconsistent manner with differential mode and intensity of immune response, eventually producing contradicting outcomes of this disease. Several reports suggest the existence of variability among different animal breeds/species, resulting in a dissimilar outcome of this disease among them. In order to evaluate the variation among different breeds/species, the present study was undertaken to examine the stimulant effect of E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The PBMCs were harvested from blood samples of crossbred cattle, Tharparkar cattle and Murrah buffaloes. After 6 h of in vitro stimulation, qRT-PCR was employed to measure the relative mRNA expression levels of CCL5, IL-1β, IL-12β, IFN-γ and IL-10 genes in stimulated and unstimulated PBMCs. The selected genes revealed significant differences in the pattern of innate immune response among crossbred cattle, Tharparkar cattle and Murrah buffaloes. The results clearly indicate the presence of variation in the outcome of immune response even when the immunocytes were stimulated with the same dose of the antigen.

Incidence of Bovine Clinical Mastitis Caused by Escherichia coli

“…Also researchers have demonstrated that sub-inhibitory concentrations of enrofloxacin (0.0125 mg/ml) were able to induce biofilm formation in in vitro in the E.coli isolated from bovine mastitis (Costa et al, 2012). Considering the results of the current investigation and the reviewed data of the various researchers across the globe, the difference in the incidence rates of bovine mastitis caused by E. coli in Jersey and HF cross breeds and graded Murrah buffaloes may be due to variation in the geographical location, size of sampling, macro and micro environment in which the animal resides, size of sampling, sanitary condition of udder, immune status of the animal, cell mediated immune response of the individual breed to E.coli infection (Sadashiva and Kaliwal, 2013, Shopsin et al, 2000and Sulabh et al, 2019.…”

Determination of IL-6 and TNF-∝ Levels in Sera of Laboratory Animals Injected by Different Concentrations of Lipopolysaccharide Isolated from Escherichia coli

“…Endotoxin tolerance can be induced by TLR ligands other than LPS and it had been reported to induce endotoxin that may underlie the ability of TRL ligands to augment cellular antimicrobial functions is metabolic reprograming which rapidly change to support specific innate immune cell needs. Macrophages and dendritic cells are known to shift their metabolic profile to one that glycolytic process over oxidative metabolism (Sumanta et al, 2009;Surabh et al, 2019) -Similar letters in one column indicate that there were no significant differences between the treatment and control groups at p > 0.05 -Different letters in one column that there were no significant differences between the treatment and control groups at p > 0.05 CONCLUION All Gram-negative bacteria have the most important structure in their cell wall, which is the LPS, which consists of three main parts which are O antigen, core oligosaccharide and lipid A. The LPS stimulate the immune system and produce many cytokines that have been studied (TNF-α and IL-6) where it was estimated after simulating it inside the animal bodies under studies with different concentrations of LPS where their level were differed, thus, concentrations of bacterial LPS can be injected with counted doses as a vaccine against many bacterial diseases.…”

Desarrollo de una proteína recombinante fimbrial F17 de Escherichia coli y respuesta inmune frente a células mononucleares periféricas sanguíneas (PBMC) de alpaca

“…Así, la evaluación en células mononucleares de sangre periférica (PBMC), es un método que ofrece ventajas para la evaluación de la inmunocompetencia o el estado de respuesta específica (Friberg et al, 1994;Whiteside, 1994). Este método ha sido utilizado en la evaluación de la respuesta inmune en camellos y alpacas, tanto para la evaluación de la respuesta inmune frente a inmunógenos bacterianos o proteínas simples como para la evaluación de vacunas (More et al, 2013;Tambillo et al, 2014;Watanabe et al, 2014;Sulabh et al, 2019). En bovinos, utilizando la misma metodología se ha evaluado la capacidad de resistencia y/o susceptibilidad a enfermedades de algunas razas (Sulabh et al, 2019).…”