Differential effects of amphetamine and scopolamine on matching performance of monkeys with lateral frontal lesions.

Abstract

D-amphetamine and scopolamine were administered to four monkeys with dorsolateral frontal lesions and four unoperated monkeys performing a delayed matching task. Although initially impaired following surgery, the performance of the frontal monkeys on the delayed matching test had recovered to preoperative levels by the time of drug administration. Both d-amphetamine and scopolamine impaired the delayed and nondelayed matching performance of the unoperated control monkeys. However, only scopolamine and not amphetamine impaired the matching performance of the frontal monkeys. The higher doses of both drugs initially decreased the tendencies of both the frontal and unoperated monkeys to respond to the test stimuli. It is proposed that frontal monkeys, unlike normal monkeys, learn to depend upon a nonadrenergic system to solve the matching task and therefore are resistant to certain actions of amphetamine.

Four Stimulants of the Central Nervous System: Effects on Short-Term Memory in Young versus Aged Monkeys*

“…The data reported here demonstrate that the three leading CNS stimulants advocated for treating geriatric behavioral problems did not improve, and often impaired, performance on a task which required STM. These findings are, therefore, consistent with previously published work by others also testing monkeys under various CNS stimulants on similar behavioral tasks (21–25). Furthermore, the lack of facilitatory STM effects in the cognitively impaired aged monkeys confirms the notion that these CNS stimulants should not be expected to provide significant improvement of higher‐order cognitive abilities in impaired geriatric patients (3–5, 26).…”

An analysis of stimulus control in two-color matching-to-sample behaviors of Japanese monkeys (<I>Macaca fuscata fuscata</I>)

“…The task has been widely used as a standard paradigm to investigate animals' intellectual abilities (Weinstein, 1941(Weinstein, , 1945, shortterm memory (D'Amato, 1973), and other physiological problems (Glick & Jarvik, 1970;Mello, 1971;Mishkin, Prockop, & Rosvold, 1962). The fact that some nonhuman animals are able to solve the matching-to-sample task on the conceptual basis of"sameness"-that is, performances safely transfer to new stimuli-has been demonstrated in apes (Nissen, Blum, & Blum, 1948), monkeys (Mishkin et al, 1962), and dolphins (Herman & Gordon, 1974).…”

Delay-dependent cholinergic modulation of visual short-term memory in rhesus macaques

“…Earlier, Bartus et al [25] reported specific delay-related scopolamine effects in rhesus macaques performing in a modified delayed response paradigm using matrix illuminated food boxes, however, their investigation spanned delays ranging up to only 10 s in four discrete increments (0, 2.5, 5, 10 s delay). Penetar and McDonough [35] also found delaydependent effects induced by the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist atropine in macaques in a simple three-colour visual DMTS task using delays ranging from 0 to 16 s. These observations were contradicted by Taffe et al [27] and Glick et al [36], who reported scopolamine effects on accuracy that were uniform in the 0-64 s delay range tested in discrete delay increments (0, 8, 16, 32 and 64 s in [27], and 0, 2, 8, 32 s in [36]) in VWM tasks using only two choice stimuli (one matching, one non-matching). Thus, previous studies using discrete unified delay lengths in preclinical non-human primate models did not conclude on pharmacological interaction effects with delay length, as most of them used tasks that were less demanding and also used a narrower delay range, disallowing the measurement of the full course of the delay-accuracy curve and its pharmacological modulation.…”