Differential effects of diazepam and lorazepam on repetition priming in healthy volunteers

Sellal, François; Danion, Jean-Marie; Kauffmann-Muller, F.; Grangé, Danielle; Jl, Imbs; Vanderlinden, M.; Singer, Léonard

doi:10.1007/bf02245126

Cited by 63 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…At the chosen doses both drugs could be considered to be equally potent as evidenced by the equivalence of their effects upon sedation and explicit memory performance (see e.g. Dundee et al, 1979;Kothary et al, 1981;Sellal et al, 1992;Vidailhet et al, 1994). The time of administration was designed so that action peak of both drugs was achieved at the same time (1 hour after the intake of diazepam vs. 2 hours after the intake of lorazepam).…”

Section: Experimental Procedures and Drugssupporting

confidence: 42%

“…Legrand et al, 1995;Sellal et al, 1992;Vidailhet et al, 1994) they have been shown to differ in their effects on visual perception. In particular, lorazepam, but not diazepam, has been shown to specifically facilitate the detection of a discontinuity between collinear contours (Beckers et al, 2001;Giersch, 1999Giersch, , 2001) resulting in the impaired integration of local visual information into global configurations (Giersch et al, 1997;Giersch & Lorenceau, 1999).…”

Section: Footnotesmentioning

confidence: 46%

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Some facilitatory effects of lorazepam on dynamic visual binding

2005

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Rationale: The benzodiazepine, lorazepam enhances the potential for inhibitory GABA A (-aminobutyric acid) synapses in the cortex to stabilize postsynaptic, excitatory activity by synchronizing discharge rates at frequencies of around 40 Hz. Treatment with lorazepam also affects contour integration processes, suggesting GABA A -mediated synchronization plays a role in visuo-spatial organization. This conclusion is supported by other physiological studies that link visual feature integration with neuronal synchronization. Conclusions: This finding supports the idea that GABA A -enhanced inhibitory synchronization mediates continuity coding during early visual processing. Objectives

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Section: Experimental Procedures and Drugssupporting

confidence: 42%

Section: Footnotesmentioning

confidence: 46%

Some facilitatory effects of lorazepam on dynamic visual binding

2005

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“…Why both drugs exert such different effects is still not clear. It is not simply that lorazepam is more potent than diazepam as both drugs have similar negative effects on explicit memory (Sellal et al, 1992;Vidailhet et al, 1994;Legrand et al, 1995). Furthermore, diazepam has been shown to be more deleterious than lorazepam at certain occasions .…”

Section: Lorazepam Vs Diazepamcontrasting

confidence: 41%

“…These drugs differ, however, both on the performance levels for vernier offset discrimination and on masking effects. Differences between diazepam and lorazepam have previously been described concerning the identification of fragmented pictures (Vidailhet et al, 1994;Legrand et al, 1995;Wagemans et al, 1998), priming effects (Sellal et al, 1992;Vidailhet et al, 1994;Legrand et al, 1995), and detection of line discontinuities (Beckers et al, 2001). The link between the present findings and the effects of lorazepam on contour processing is supported by studies reporting an absence of effect of diazepam on the detection of line discontinuities (Beckers et al, 2001).…”

Section: Lorazepam Vs Diazepamcontrasting

confidence: 39%

Lorazepam Strongly Prolongs Visual Information Processing

Giersch

Herzog

2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Lorazepam is a drug that has been widely used for over 30 years. Whereas its therapeutic and amnestic effects are fairly well known, the visuo-perceptual impairments induced by this drug have been studied to a much lesser degree and only little is known about the influence of lorazepam on the time course of visual information processing. To gain a better insight specifically on these temporal characteristics, we used the recently discovered backward masking technique, 'shine-through', in which a vernier target precedes a grating. We tested subjects, treated with lorazepam, diazepam, or a placebo, with masking gratings of various spatial layouts. Our experiments reveal surprising results. First, for the unmasked vernier target, lorazepam induced a strong deterioration of performance compared to both diazepam and placebo. Performance deteriorated even more significantly if a masking grating was presented following the vernier. We observed that vernier discrimination could be completely abolished even if the grating appeared 400 ms after the vernier presentation. Such long time intervals are beyond usual visual masking effects. When performing the task under placebo, the participants perceived the vernier target and the masking grating as two independent time events rather than as a single event. It appears that lorazepam prolongs dramatically the processing of visual targets. The masking effects revealed here are specific to the type of grating and are much stronger under lorazepam than under diazepam.

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“…The main effects of BZDs are well known; they include a sedative, an anxiolytic, a muscle relaxant, and an anticonvulsivant action. As regards their side effects, besides habituation (Woods et al, 1987), BZDs have been shown to have a detrimental influence on certain cognitive or perceptual abilities, such as memory (Clarke et al, 1970;Brown et al, 1982Brown et al, , 1989Knopman, 1991;Sellal et al, 1992) and attention (Johnson et al, 1995;Carter et al, 1998). However, none of these studies have involved the auditory sensory modality.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 43%

Influence of Benzodiazepines on Auditory Perception

Morand-Villeneuve

Micheyl

Gagnieu

et al. 2002

Neuropsychopharmacol

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The aim of this study was to test for an influence of benzodiazepine (BZD) on various perceptual and/or cognitive auditory processes. Loudness, auditory selective attention, and the ability of subjects to form perceptual streams out of alternating tone sequences were tested. Nine subjects were tested before, 1, 3, 7, and 24 h after a single-dose oxazepam vs placebo administration in a crossover design. A sample of blood allows us to measure plasma oxazepam concentration. The results revealed a significant reduction in stream segregation expressed as d 0 scores 1 h after oxazepam intake in the test subjects. No significant change occurred across time in the same subjects when they were administrated a placebo in another session. Furthermore, oxazepam had no substantial and systematic influence either on auditory selective attention or on loudness perception. Altogether, these results suggest that the perceptual organization of sound sequences involves inhibitory neural mechanisms, which can be affected by BZDs. This outcome is consistent with existing models of auditory stream segregation and may be paralleled with earlier findings on the effect of BZDs on perceptual binding in the visual modality.

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Differential effects of diazepam and lorazepam on repetition priming in healthy volunteers

Cited by 63 publications

References 42 publications

Some facilitatory effects of lorazepam on dynamic visual binding

Some facilitatory effects of lorazepam on dynamic visual binding

Lorazepam Strongly Prolongs Visual Information Processing

Influence of Benzodiazepines on Auditory Perception

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