Some facilitatory effects of lorazepam on dynamic visual binding

Elliott, Mark A.; Giersch, Anne; Seifert, Doerthe

doi:10.1007/s00213-005-0242-x

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…The elevated RTs to triangle targets may reflect the greater number of display locations (six, as opposed to four each in the square and hexagon matrices), even though in two of these locations a target was never presented. In agreement with the previous pattern of effects reported with this paradigm (i.e., Becker, Elliott, & Lachmann, 2005;Elliott, Becker, Boucart, & Müller, 2000;Elliott et al, 2006;Elliott, Herrmann, Mecklinger, & Müller, 2000;Elliott & Müller, 1998, 2000, the target prime interaction was found to be significant [F(1,13) 23, p .01], describing significant priming effects (i.e., the mean difference interphase minus intraphase premask RTs) that were confined to target trials (the mean priming effect in target-present conditions [and standard error of the mean] was 29 [4] msec, as compared with 6 [4] msec on targetabsent trials). On this basis and with a view to examining the priming effects specifically, further analyses were conducted on the target-present data only.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Although the paradigm of Elliott and Müller offers a basis for analysis of the dynamic system underlying figural prime formation, the data thus far refer to primes and targets in square arrangement and, as a consequence, offer no indication of potential interactions either of stimulus form or complexity or of the effects of more than one possible target upon the efficiency of oscillatory priming. Recent evidence has shown that the primes do include information about the spatial relations between the premask crosses, evidence which clearly suggests the prime to be a form of Gestalt-related grouping (Elliott, Giersch, & Seifert, 2006). With this in mind, the main goals of the research presented here were to explore whether or not variations in priming performance might be explained by means of variations in figural complexity and, on this basis, whether evidence exists to support the idea of neuronal synchronization as one measure of the minimum principle.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Oscillatory priming and form complexity

Shi

Elliott

2007

Perception & Psychophysics

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Detection of a target grouping is expedited when the target display is preceded by presentation of an oscillating premask that includes priming elements presented intraphasically and below detection threshold at the display locations subsequently occupied by the target. Five experiments were performed to investigate how priming is affected by both the complexity and the geometry of prime/target forms. Experiment 1 showed that the subjective complexity of different polygons was coded in accord with an objective measure of form complexity. Experiments 2 and 3 revealed oscillatory priming to increase as a function of the subjective complexity of prime/target forms when those forms were regular and predictable. However, Experiments 4 and 5 showed that this relation did not hold when the prime/target forms were irregular and unpredictable. Taken together, it is argued that both subjective complexity and the Prägnanz quality of the prime/target forms come to determine the magnitude of priming. These results are discussed with reference to current physiological hypotheses regarding perceptual organization.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

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confidence: 99%

Oscillatory priming and form complexity

Shi

Elliott

2007

Perception & Psychophysics

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“…A model by Jeffreys, Traub and Whittington (1996) demonstrated that embedding an isolated interneuron in a network of cells coupled by GABA a -mediated inhibitory postsynaptic potentials would cause it to oscillate at 33-Hz (see Elliott, Giersch & Seifert, 2006 for evidence of involvement of GABA a in the modulation of visual gamma-band oscillations). Palva et al (2002) used MEG to investigate the eGBR evoked by speech and non-speech sounds.…”

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confidence: 99%

Process timing and its relation to the coding of tonal harmony.

Aksentijevic¹,

Barber²,

Elliott³

2011

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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Advances in auditory research suggest that gamma-band synchronization of frequency-specific cortical loci could be responsible for the integration of pure tones (harmonics) into harmonic complex tones. Thus far, evidence for such a mechanism has been revealed in neurophysiological studies, with little corroborative psychophysical evidence. In six experiments, we observed a rate-and time-specific response-time advantage for a sequence of target pips when the defining frequency of the target was a fractional multiple of a priming frequency. The effect was only observed when the prime and target sequences were presented at 33 pips per second and when the interstimulus interval was approximately 100 and 250 ms. This evidence implicates oscillatory gamma-band activity in the representation of harmonic complex tones and suggests that synchronization with precise temporal characteristics is important for disambiguating related harmonic templates. An outline of a model is presented, which accounts for these findings in terms of fast resynchronization of relevant neuronal assemblies.

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“…Evidence of priming is typically indicated by significant Target × Prime interaction in the analysis of variance (ANOVA see all experiments reported in Elliott and Müller, 1998, 2000, 2001; Elliott et al, 2000; Conci et al, 2004; Becker et al, 2005; Elliott et al, 2006a; Shi and Elliott, 2007). Resolution of this interaction always refers to a target-specific RT advantage for the intra- vs. interphase premask conditions.…”

Section: Results Of Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Atemporal equilibria: pro- and retroactive coding in the dynamics of cognitive microstructures

Elliott

2014

Front. Psychol.

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Synchronization of spatially distributed neural assemblies at frequencies in the range 30–70 Hz (the “gamma” band) may be instrumental in grouping stimulus features. In agreement with this we have shown that detection reaction times to a grouping target stimulus are expedited when the stimulus is preceded by repeated presentation of a priming stimulus, presented below detection thresholds in a matrix that flickers at particular frequencies in the 27–68 Hz range. This dynamic priming effect can be partly explained as a function of the return phase of the priming stimulus relative to the premask matrix, indicating one of the primary consequences of repeating stimulation is pre-activation of a priming response relative to prime-stimulus presentation. However, this cannot entirely explain the relationship that develops between the timing of stimulus events (in this instance the time of target relative to priming-stimulus presentations) and response. By varying the frequency and phase of priming-stimulus and target presentations we discovered that given a particular relationship between the phase of target presentation relative to the return phase of the prime, target coding is expedited by a prime that achieves its maximum activation at a phase that would precede priming-stimulus presentation by several tens of milliseconds. However, and in addition, the cognition concerned is flexible enough to be able to achieve an identical prime retroactively, that is to say at a phase during or subsequent to priming-stimulus presentation. This occurs because of a different relationship between the phase of target presentation (defined relative to prime frequency) and the frequency of premask-matrix presentation. On this basis, it can be concluded that by virtue of the relationship between its dynamics and the timing of stimulus events, microstructural cognition functions in a temporal context that can shift from past to future states. Consequently and at the lowest level of psychological function, the conventional, one-dimensional model of time flow—from future to past states does not fully explain how cognition can function. In fact depending upon the interaction in phase between different coding frequencies, the same form of cognition can anticipate or retroactively code events. Consequently, and in so far as our cognition at this level provides a content structure for consciousness, our psychological lives may be fundamentally based upon the ability of our cognitive states to travel backwards and forwards across very short intervals of time.

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Some facilitatory effects of lorazepam on dynamic visual binding

Cited by 9 publications

References 46 publications

Oscillatory priming and form complexity

Oscillatory priming and form complexity

Process timing and its relation to the coding of tonal harmony.

Atemporal equilibria: pro- and retroactive coding in the dynamics of cognitive microstructures

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