Differential Effects of Gamma Interferon on<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>Growth in Polarized and Nonpolarized Human Epithelial Cells in Culture

Kane, Colleen D.; Byrne, Gerald I.

doi:10.1128/iai.66.5.2349-2351.1998

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…These in vitro polarized culture systems resemble the environment encountered by pathogens in vivo more closely than do traditional cultures and thus may be a more appropriate way to assess host-pathogen interactions. We recently demonstrated that IFN-␥-mediated chlamydial persistence occurs in a polarized human epithelial culture system (18). The characteristics of persistent chlamydiae in polarized cells are the same as those described previously for nonpolarized cells, with one intriguing difference: substantially larger quantities of IFN-␥ are required to induce persistence or growth inhibition in the polarized cells.…”

supporting

confidence: 60%

“…Many distinctions between cells grown in a polarized or nonpolarized manner have been documented. These differences also have been noted to affect the way in which chlamydiae interact with their host cells; Wyrick et al have demonstrated an accelerated developmental cycle in polarized cells (34), and previously we have shown a difference in IFN-␥-mediated growth restriction based on host cell polarization status (18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…This ability to maintain higher intracellular tryptophan concentrations, even in the presence of IDO, may help explain why more IFN-␥ is required to limit chlamydial growth or induce persistence when the host cells are grown in a polarized state. These results may also explain why persistence in polarized cells can be maintained over a much broader range of IFN-␥ concentrations than in nonpolarized cells (18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…However, polarized cells still contained tryptophan concentrations similar to those in untreated, nonpolarized cells. At higher IFN-␥ concentrations (1 ng/ml, chlamydial growth-inhibiting dose in nonpolarized and persistence-inducing dose in polarized cells [18]), polarized cells still had much higher intracellular tryptophan levels than did nonpolarized cells until 24 h posttreatment (Fig. 4C).…”

Section: Chlamydial Infection Affects Intracellular Tryptophan Pool Smentioning

confidence: 97%

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Intracellular Tryptophan Pool Sizes May Account for Differences in Gamma Interferon-Mediated Inhibition and Persistence of Chlamydial Growth in Polarized and Nonpolarized Cells

et al. 1999

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Gamma interferon (IFN-␥) is an important factor in the modulating inhibition of intracellular chlamydial growth and persistence. In human epithelial cells and macrophages, this inhibition is the result of depletion of the essential amino acid tryptophan via the IFN-␥-induced enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Under these conditions, chlamydiae must successfully compete with the host cell for limited resources in order to maintain viability. We provide evidence to support the hypothesis that the host cell polarization state influences the host-pathogen interplay and outcome of IFN-␥-mediated inhibition. In polarized cells, intracellular soluble tryptophan pools were larger than those in nonpolarized cells despite only small differences in the initial uptake rate of this amino acid compared to that in nonpolarized cells. Furthermore, in Chlamydia trachomatis-infected cells, the amounts of tryptophan consumed by the organisms were similar for cells grown in either state. We propose that intracellular tryptophan pool sizes can account for differences in IFN-␥mediated chlamydial persistence and growth inhibition in polarized and nonpolarized cells. Collectively, these results argue that polarized cell models, which more accurately reflect the conditions in vivo, may be more relevant than conventionally cultured cells in the study of intimate intracellular host-parasite interactions.

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supporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Chlamydial Infection Affects Intracellular Tryptophan Pool Smentioning

confidence: 97%

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Intracellular Tryptophan Pool Sizes May Account for Differences in Gamma Interferon-Mediated Inhibition and Persistence of Chlamydial Growth in Polarized and Nonpolarized Cells

et al. 1999

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“…For example, IFN‐γ induction of chlamydial persistence has been shown to occur in several host cell types, including HeLa cells (Hogan et al ., 2003). However, developing chlamydiae within HEC‐1B cells are resistant to IFN‐γ because these host cells do not produce indoleamine 2,3‐dioxgenase (IDO) in response to IFN‐γ (Kane and Byrne, 1998; Wyrick and Knight, 2004). To be certain that induction of chlamydial persistence during HSV‐2 co‐infection is not a specific property of HeLa cells, HEC‐1B cells were also utilized as host cells for co‐infection.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An early event in the herpes simplex virus type-2 replication cycle is sufficient to induce Chlamydia trachomatis persistence

Deka¹,

Vanover²,

Sun

et al. 2007

Cell Microbiol

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SummaryEpidemiological studies have demonstrated that co-infections of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and Chlamydia trachomatis occur in vivo. Data from a tissue culture model of C. trachomatis/HSV-2 co-infection indicate that viral co-infection stimulates the formation of persistent chlamydiae. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analyses demonstrated that in both HeLa and HEC-1B cells, co-infection caused developing chlamydiae to exhibit swollen, aberrantly shaped reticulate bodies (RBs), characteristically observed in persistence. Additionally, HSV-2 co-infection suppressed production of infectious chlamydial elementary bodies (EBs) in both host cell types. Co-infection with HSV type 1 (HSV-1) produced similar morphologic alterations and abrogated infectious EB production. These data indicate that virusinduced chlamydial persistence was neither host cellnor virus strain-specific. Purification of crude HSV-2 stocks demonstrated that viral particles were required for coinfection-induced chlamydial persistence to occur. Finally, co-infection with either UV-inactivated, replication-incompetent virus or replication-competent HSV-2 in the presence of cyclohexamide reduced chlamydial infectivity without altering chlamydial genomic DNA accumulation. These data demonstrate that productive viral replication is not required for the induction of chlamydial persistence and suggest that HSV attachment and entry can provide the necessary stimulus to alter C. trachomatis development.

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From Single Cells to Engineered and Explanted Tissues

Bergmann

Steinert

2015

International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology

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Differential Effects of Gamma Interferon onChlamydia trachomatisGrowth in Polarized and Nonpolarized Human Epithelial Cells in Culture

Cited by 15 publications

References 16 publications

Intracellular Tryptophan Pool Sizes May Account for Differences in Gamma Interferon-Mediated Inhibition and Persistence of Chlamydial Growth in Polarized and Nonpolarized Cells

Intracellular Tryptophan Pool Sizes May Account for Differences in Gamma Interferon-Mediated Inhibition and Persistence of Chlamydial Growth in Polarized and Nonpolarized Cells

An early event in the herpes simplex virus type-2 replication cycle is sufficient to induce Chlamydia trachomatis persistence

From Single Cells to Engineered and Explanted Tissues

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