Differential effects of internal tagging depending on depth treatment in Atlantic salmon: a cautionary tale for aquatic animal tag use

Wright, Daniel; Stien, Lars Helge; Dempster, Tim; Oppedal, Frode

doi:10.1093/cz/zoy093

Cited by 27 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…However, caution is still warranted when interpreting data obtained from implanted bio‐loggers. For instance, swimming behaviours in relation to depth preference have recently been shown to be altered in Atlantic salmon owing to the bio‐loggers reducing maximum depth where neutral buoyancy can be maintained (Wright et al ., 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fish physiology studies have traditionally been performed in confined and controlled laboratory conditions where measurements of fish in experimental setups often are time restricted owing to various practical reasons, or they only reflect a momentary snapshot of the physiological status such as when analysing blood samples. Nonetheless, downsizing and commercialization of bio‐logging technologies have now made it easier to obtain continuous measurements on fish swimming freely in their ambient environment for extended periods of time (Brijs et al ., 2018; Wright et al ., 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heart rates of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar during a critical swim speed test and subsequent recovery

Hvas

Folkedal

Oppedal

2020

Journal of Fish Biology

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In this study, heart rate (HR) bio‐loggers were implanted in the abdominal cavity of 12 post‐smolt Atlantic salmon Salmo salar weighing 1024 ± 31 g and acclimated to 12°C sea water. One week after the surgical procedure, a critical swim speed (Ucrit) test was performed on tagged and untagged conspecifics, whereafter tagged fish were maintained in their holding tanks for another week. The Ucrit was statistically similar between tagged and untagged fish (2.67 ± 0.04 and 2.74 ± 0.05 body lengths s−1, respectively) showing that the bio‐logger did not compromise the swimming performance. In the pre‐swim week, a diurnal cycle was apparent with HR peaking at 65 beats min−1 during the day and approaching 40 beats min−1 at night. In the Ucrit test, HR increased approximately exponentially with swimming speed until a plateau was reached at the final speed before fatigue with a maximum of 85.2 ± 0.7 beats min−1. During subsequent recovery tagged fish could be divided into a surviving group (N = 8) and a moribund group (N = 4). In surviving fish HR had fully recovered to pre‐swim levels after 24 h, including reestablishment of a diurnal HR cycle. In moribund fish HR never recovered and remained elevated at c. 80 beats min−1 for 4 days, whereafter they started dying. We did not identify a proximal cause of death in moribund fish, but possible explanations are discussed. Tail beat frequency (TBF) was also measured and showed a more consistent response to increased swimming speeds. As such, when exploring correlations between HR, TBF and metabolic rates at different swimming speeds, TBF provides better predictions. On the contrary, HR measurements in free swimming fish over extended periods of time are useful for other purposes such as assessing the accumulative burden of various stressors and recovery trajectories from exhaustive exercise.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heart rates of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar during a critical swim speed test and subsequent recovery

Hvas

Folkedal

Oppedal

2020

Journal of Fish Biology

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“…Ideally, this means that the selection of sh should be truly random and representative, and that the tags do not in uence physiology or behaviour in such a way that the tagged sh differ signi cantly from untagged sh (e.g. Wright et al, 2018). In addition, tagging procedures include several steps (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heart rate and swimming activity as indicators of post-surgical recovery time of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Føre¹,

Svendsen²,

Økland

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Fish telemetry using electronic transmitter or data storage tags has become a common method for studying free-swimming fish both in the wild and in aquaculture. However, fish used in telemetry studies must be handled, anaesthetised and often subjected to surgical procedures to be equipped with tags, processes that will shift the fish from their normal physiological and behavioural states. In many projects, information is needed on when the fish has recovered after handling and tagging so that only the data recorded after the fish has fully recovered are used in analyses. We aimed to establish recovery times of adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) after an intraperitoneal tagging procedure featuring handling, anaesthesia and surgery. Results: Based on ECG and accelerometer data collected with telemetry from nine individual Atlantic salmon during the first period after tagging, we found that heart rate was initially elevated in all fish, and that it took an average of ≈4 days and a maximum of 6 days for heart rate to return to an assumed baseline level. One activity tag showed no consistent decline in activity, and two others did not show strong evidence of complete recovery by the end of the experiment: baseline levels of the remaining tags were on average reached after ≈ 3.3 days. Conclusion: Our findings showed that the Atlantic salmon used in this study required an average of ≈ 4 days, with a maximum interval of 6 days, of recovery after tagging before tag data could be considered valid. Moreover, the differences between recovery times for heart rate and activity imply that recovery time recommendations should be developed based on a combination of indicators and not just on e.g. behavioural observations.

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“…Ideally, this means that the selection of fish should be truly random and representative, and that the tags do not influence physiology or behaviour in such a way that the tagged fish differ significantly from untagged fish (e.g. Wright et al, 2018). In addition, tagging procedures include several operations (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heart rate and swimming activity as indicators of post-surgical recovery time of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Føre¹,

Svendsen²,

Økland

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Fish telemetry using electronic transmitter or data storage tags has become a common method for studying free-swimming fish both in the wild and in aquaculture. However, fish used in telemetry studies must be handled, anaesthetised and often subjected to surgical procedures to be equipped with tags, processes that will shift the fish from their normal physiological and behavioural states. In many projects, information is needed on when the fish has recovered after handling and tagging so that only the data recorded after the fish has fully recovered are used in analyses. We aimed to establish recovery times of adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) after an intraperitoneal tagging procedure featuring handling, anaesthesia and surgery. Results: Based on ECG and accelerometer data collected with telemetry from nine individual Atlantic salmon during the first period after tagging, we found that heart rate was initially elevated in all fish, and that it took an average of ≈4 days and a maximum of 6 days for heart rate to return to an assumed baseline level. Although activity levels assessed from acceleration appeared to be less affected by the tagging procedure, baseline levels were on average reached after ≈ 5 days for this parameter. Conclusion: Our findings showed that the Atlantic salmon used in this study required an average of ≈ 4 days, with a maximum interval of 6 days, of recovery after tagging before tag data could be considered valid. Moreover, the differences between recovery times for heart rate and activity imply that recovery time recommendations should be developed based on a combination of indicators and not just on e.g. behavioural observations.

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Differential effects of internal tagging depending on depth treatment in Atlantic salmon: a cautionary tale for aquatic animal tag use

Cited by 27 publications

References 44 publications

Heart rates of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar during a critical swim speed test and subsequent recovery

Heart rates of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar during a critical swim speed test and subsequent recovery

Heart rate and swimming activity as indicators of post-surgical recovery time of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Heart rate and swimming activity as indicators of post-surgical recovery time of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

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