Differential expression of adipose tissue proteins between obesity‐susceptible and ‐resistant rats fed a high‐fat diet

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To provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying diabetes mellitus, we performed a proteomic study on two diabetic animal models, streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats (T1DM) and genetically diabetic (C57BL/6J ob/ob) mice (T2DM). To better understand the recovery process of those diabetic rodents, we examined the effect of hypoglycemic dipeptide Cyclo (His-Pro) (CHP) treatment on the differential expression of pancreatic proteins in both animal models. Oral administration of CHP had an excellent hypoglycemic effect in both animal models, lowering the average plasma glucose level by over 50%. Pancreatic proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. This study allowed, for the first time, the identification of 34 proteins that are related to diabetes and potential targets of CHP, a potent anti-diabetic agent for both T1DM and T2DM. The alterations in the expression of these proteins could indicate a tendency for diabetic animals to overcome their diabetic state. These proteins are involved in cellular functions such as metabolism, cellular structure, oxidative stress, as well as signal and energy transduction. Some have already been linked to diabetes, suggesting that the newly identified proteins might also be significant in the etiology of this pathology and should be further investigated. Furthermore, CHP has emerged as a potent tool for both the treatment and study of the molecular mechanisms underlying diabetes. Thus, the findings presented here provide new insights into the study and potential treatment of this pathology.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations in Pancreatic Protein Expression in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats and Genetically Diabetic Mice in Response to Treatment with Hypoglycemic Dipeptide Cyclo (His-Pro)

Park

Choi²,

Yun

et al. 2012

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“…The 2-DE experiments were conducted using previously described methods [44]. Briefly, immobilized pH gradient (IPG)-isoelectric focusing (IEF) of BAT samples was performed on pH 3-10 and 18 cm IPG DryStrips (GE Healthcare, Buckinghamshire, UK) in a PROTEAN IEF Cell (Bio-Rad) using the protocol recommended by the manufacturer.…”

Section: -De Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, to the best of our knowledge, no comparative proteomic study in biofluids or metabolic organ tissues of lean and obese animal models for examination of protein abundance and/ or regulation patterns between genders has been conducted. Despite its important function in diet-induced thermogenesis, with the exception of two recently published results [43,44], no studies of the BAT proteome with respect to obesity have not been conducted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Difference in Proteome of Brown Adipose Tissues between Male and Female Rats Exposed to a High Fat Diet

Choi

et al. 2011

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Background: Although the importance of gender as a key determinant in health and illness has been recognized for a long time, systematic studies of gender differences in medicine are still lacking. We hypothesized that interscapular brown adipocyte tissue (BAT), is not only a key tissue contributing to energy expenditure, but also regulates diet-induced thermogenesis, and may be an ideal target for studying gender differences in obesity development in response to a high fat diet (HFD). Methods: We therefore performed differential proteome analysis of BAT from lean and obese rats of both genders fed a HFD using 2-DE combined with MALDI-TOF-MS. Results: When exposed to a HFD, male rats gained more body weight with increased values of plasma biochemical parameters than did female rats. Among 595 matched spots, 48 differentially expressed identified spots showed significant gender differences, whereas 7 proteins showed no gender differences, but did show a HFD response. Conclusions: Proteomic investigations into gender-dimorphic protein modulation in BAT may provide conclusive results showing higher expression of numerous proteins involved in thermogenesis and fat oxidation as well as lower expression of proteins contributing to fat synthesis in female rats than in male rats.

“…Each spot intensity volume was processed by background subtraction and total spot volume normalization. The resulting spot volume percentage (%Volume) was used for comparison as described previously [23,24].…”

Section: -Dementioning

confidence: 99%

Gender-dependent Protein Expression in White Adipose Tissues of Lean and Obese Rats Fed a High Fat Diet

Mukherjee¹,

Choi²,

Choi³

et al. 2012

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Background: Proper understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying gender dimorphism in obesity for better nutritional recommendation is still in early stages. As white adipose tissues (WAT) is most important tissue in obesity metabolism, comparative proteomic analysis of all three WAT deposits at the same time to yield immensely important protein markers was the primary goal of this study. Methods: We performed differential expression analysis of protein profiles of three different WAT viz. subcutaneous, inguinal, and abdominal fat deposits of both genders in lean and obese rats fed a high fat diet (HFD) using a combination of 2-DE and MALDI-TOF-MS. Results: The proteomics analysis enabled us to detect 25, 29, and 46 proteins showing gender differences in three WAT deposits, respectively, to gain insight into cause of higher body weight gain in male in response to HFD. Conclusion: The gender dimorphism found in this proteomic study implies that female rats have a lower tendency to undergo metabolic syndrome manifestation, which is associated with lower reliance on lipid as an energy fuel, lower lipogenesis, as well as increased mitochondrial oxidative capacity. In conclusion, most of the candidate proteins identified herein by differential proteomics were previously unrecognized in gender dimorphism of adipose tissue.