Differential expression of candidate salivary effector proteins in field collections of <scp>H</scp>essian fly, <i><scp>M</scp>ayetiola destructor</i>

Johnson, Alisha J.; Shukle, R. H.; Chen, M.-S.; Srivastava, Sanvesh; Subramanyam, Subhashree; Schemerhorn, Brandon J.; Weintraub, Phyllis G.; Moniem, Hossam Eldien M. Abdel; Flanders, Kathy L.; Buntin, G. D.; Williams, Christie E.

doi:10.1111/imb.12148

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Pea aphid effectors are some of the best characterized insect effectors 28,43,44 , and these tools allowed the identification of 131 ACP candidate effectors (Table S1). Saliva or salivary gland protein sequences are very often applied for the prediction of insect effectors [45][46][47] . However, in the absence of this kind of sequence source, the Pea aphid pipeline was successfully applied for mite effector prediction using full body genomics and transcriptomic data 48 , as was also applied in this work.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene silencing of Diaphorina citri candidate effectors promotes changes in feeding behaviors

Pacheco

Galdeano

Maluta

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Insect effectors are mainly secreted by salivary glands, modulate plant physiology and favor the establishment and transmission of pathogens. Feeding is the principal vehicle of transmission of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Ca. Las) by the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri. This study aimed to predict putative ACP effectors that may act on the Huanglongbing (HLB) pathosystem. Bioinformatics analysis led to the identification of 131 candidate effectors. Gene expression investigations were performed to select genes that were overexpressed in the ACP head and modulated by Ca. Las. To evaluate the actions of candidate effectors on D. citri feeding, six effectors were selected for gene silencing bioassays. Double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) of the target genes were delivered to D. citri adults via artificial diets for five days. RNAi silencing caused a reduction in the ACP lifespan and decreased the salivary sheath size and honeydew production. Moreover, after dsRNA delivery of the target genes using artificial diet, the feeding behaviors of the insects were evaluated on young leaves from citrus seedlings. These analyses proved that knockdown of D. citri effectors also interfered with ACP feeding abilities in planta, causing a decrease in honeydew production and reducing ACP survival. Electrical penetration graph (EPG) analysis confirmed the actions of the effectors on D. citri feeding behaviors. These results indicate that gene silencing of D. citri effectors may cause changes in D. citri feeding behaviors and could potentially be used for ACP control. Insect pests are one of the main factors that reduce agricultural plant productivity. Global losses caused by these animals reach 220 billion dollars annually 1. In addition to the damage caused by their actions, problems caused by insects can be increased by the transmission of several plant pathogens 2. Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), stands out as the most important agricultural pest among citrus crops 3. ACP is a vector for the bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Ca. Las), the causal agent of Huanglongbing (HLB). This disease affects all commercial citrus varieties by promoting plant decline and reducing fruit quality 4,5. In the last fifteen years, HLB has spread quickly across the American continent and the citrus production in the USA declined 58% 4. In Brazil, 34 million citrus trees have been removed since the first detection of HLB in 2004 6. So far, no efficient control for HLB has been found. Disease management consists of producing seedlings using Ca Las-free nursery stock, removal of infected trees and insecticide applications for vector control 7,8. However, the extensive application of insecticides could select for ACP-resistant populations 9-11. Diaphorina citri acquire Ca. Las via a circulative-persistent manner during feeding 12,13. The efficiency of Ca. Las transmission is affected by the duration of phloem ingestion by ACP 14. Studies have been developed to understand the interactions ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene silencing of Diaphorina citri candidate effectors promotes changes in feeding behaviors

Pacheco

Galdeano

Maluta

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Research demonstrates Cecidomyiidae larvae, have evolved salivary proteins that, when injected into the leaf, induce systemic molecular-level changes in host plants to produce tissue growth. (Johnson et al 2015). We found no easily discernible structural changes to leaf tissue that might suggest that E. discordis is using other chemical messaging secretions to facilitate feeding.…”

Section: Life Cycle Observationsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Ecology and diagnosis of Enallodiplosis discordis (Diptera:Cecidomyiidae)

Whaley

Borda²,

Moat

et al. 2020

Rev peru biol

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The coastal desert of Peru and Chile is home to Prosopis (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) tree species that are exceptionally well-adapted to the hyperarid conditions and keystone in dry-forest ecosystems. From 2001 to 2018, Prosopis in Peru have suffered widespread defoliation and die-back, with consequent deforestation and collapse in pod production. This paper reports a new insect plague species of Prosopis forest in Peru: Enallodiplosis discordis Gagné 1994 (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) as a fiercely defoliating agent contributing to widespread Prosopis mortality. An analysis of E. discordis larval taxonomy, life cycle and plague infestation, following El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) 1998/99 is provided. Using distinct lines of evidence, its spread, distribution, and ecology are examined. Over two decades of fieldwork, Prosopis forest die-back and loss was observed devastating rural livelihoods and ecosystem services across lowland regions of southern (Ica), central and northern coastal Peru (Lambayeque, La Libertad, Piura). The collapse in production of Prosopis pods (algarroba, huaranga) and honey was recorded. Supplementary notes provide observations of: (i) plague development, changing land-use and climate, (ii) biological and physical control of E. discordis, (iii) the moth Melipotis aff. indomita (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) as a concurrent defoliator of Prosopis.

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“…SignalP predicted an N-terminal signal secretion peptide with a cleavage site between Pro 19 and Thr 20 . No transmembrane domain was found, suggesting that LAC1 is a secreted protein.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secretory laccase 1 in Bemisia tabaci MED is involved in whitefly-plant interaction

Yang

Guo

Chu

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a phloem-feeding pest that lives predominantly on herbaceous species and causes serious damage to hosts. Whitefly saliva is thought to contain proteins that modulate plant defences and facilitate feeding. A predicted secreted protein, laccase 1 (LAC1), was found in the salivary gland transcriptome of B. tabaci and might be existed in the watery saliva of B. tabaci. As LAC1 has a potential role in detoxification of secondary plant compounds in insects, we speculated that it may participate in the insect’s response to plant defences. Here, we cloned the complete cDNA of LAC1 and found that (1) LAC1 was highly expressed in the salivary gland (SG) and midgut; (2) LAC1 transcript level in head (containing SG) was 2.1 times higher in plant-fed than in diet-fed whiteflies and 1.6 times higher in the head and 23.8 times higher in the midgut of whiteflies that fed on jasmonic acid (JA)-sprayed plants than on control plants; and (3) silencing LAC1 decreased the survival rate of plant-fed whiteflies but had a marginal effect on whiteflies raised on an artificial diet. These results indicate that LAC1 enables whiteflies to overcome the chemical defences of host plants and might act as an effector in saliva.

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Differential expression of candidate salivary effector proteins in field collections of Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor

Cited by 7 publications

References 59 publications

Gene silencing of Diaphorina citri candidate effectors promotes changes in feeding behaviors

Gene silencing of Diaphorina citri candidate effectors promotes changes in feeding behaviors

Ecology and diagnosis of Enallodiplosis discordis (Diptera:Cecidomyiidae)

Secretory laccase 1 in Bemisia tabaci MED is involved in whitefly-plant interaction

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