Differential expression of genes during mastitis in Holstein-Zebu crossbreed dairy cows

Fonseca, Ivana Machado; Antunes, G R; Paiva, D; Lange, C. C.; Guimarães, Simone Eliza Facioni; Martins, Marta Fonseca

doi:10.4238/vol10-3gmr1096

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Differences in expression levels of receptors and proteins involved in pathogen recognition can affect the propensity for an animal to develop an infection (Fonseca et al, 2011;Kandasamy and Kerr, 2012;Novák, 2014). Enhanced pathogen detection, due to genetic or epigenetic differences between animals, could be a major factor differentiating the high versus low phenotype observed in our fibroblasts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Cow-to-cow variation in fibroblast response to a toll-like receptor 2/6 agonist and its relation to mastitis caused by intramammary challenge with Staphylococcus aureus

Benjamin

Green

Hayden

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of chronic mammary gland infections in dairy cattle. However, the inflammatory response and duration of infection following pathogen exposure is variable between individual animals. To investigate interanimal differences in immune response, dermal fibroblast cultures were established from skin biopsies collected from 50 early lactation Holstein cows. The fibroblasts ability to produce IL-8 in response to a 24-h treatment with a synthetic toll-like receptor 2/6 agonist (Pam2CSK4) was used to assign a response phenotype to the animals. Five high-responding and 5 low-responding animals were then selected for an intramammary challenge with S. aureus to evaluate differences in the inflammatory response, chronicity of infection, and development of antibodies to the pathogen. All animals exhibited clinical symptoms of mastitis at 24h postchallenge. Animals previously classified as high responders experienced a greater inflammatory response characterized by elevated levels of milk somatic cell count, IL-8, and BSA following the challenge compared with low responders. In addition, antibodies toward the challenge strain of S. aureus reached higher levels in whey from the challenged gland of high responders compared with low responders. Despite the antibody response, all 5 high responders were chronically infected for the 6-wk duration of the study, whereas 2 of the low responders cleared the infection, although 1 of these did become reinfected. The observed differences between animals classified as low and high responders based on their fibroblast responsiveness suggests that this cell type can be used to further examine the causes of interanimal variation in response to mammary infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Cow-to-cow variation in fibroblast response to a toll-like receptor 2/6 agonist and its relation to mastitis caused by intramammary challenge with Staphylococcus aureus

Benjamin

Green

Hayden

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…In various cells including monocytes and macrophages, the cytokine IFN-gamma as well as LPS (lipopolysaccharides) in Gramnegative and other PAMPs (pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecules) in Gram-positive bacteria induce IDO (Murr et al, 1997;Strandberg et al, 2005). Besides of that, stimulation of these cells leads to increased secretion of interleukins and acute phase proteins (Corl, Grandy, & Sordillo, 2008;Fonseca et al, 2011;Griesbeck-Zilch, Meyer, Kuhn, & Schwerin, 2008;Strandberg et al, 2005). Previous studies showed that the presence of CNS in the udder could increase concentrations of APP in the milk, indicating that these bacteria are able to invade the udder and induce an inflammatory reaction (Kalmus et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tryptophan, kynurenine, kynurenic acid concentrations and indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase activity in serum and milk of dairy cows with subclinical mastitis caused by coagulase‐negative staphylococci

Bochniarz

Kocki

Dąbrowski

et al. 2018

Reprod Domestic Animals

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The aim of the study was to investigate serum and milk concentrations of tryptophan (TRP), kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KYNA), and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity in cows suffering from subclinical mastitis caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci (MSCNS). TRP and kynurenines were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and IDO activity was calculated as the KYN/TRP ratio. The blood and milk samples were collected from 40 midlactation Holstein-Fresian cows from two herds in the Lublin region in Poland. In the milk samples from 20 cows with subclinical mastitis, coagulase-negative staphylococci were isolated and in the milk obtained from healthy cows growth of microorganisms was not detected. TRP, KYN and KYNA concentrations were significantly lower in milk of cows with MSCNS compared to control animals (4.47 vs. 7.24 µM, 0.14 vs. 0.21 µM, 1.58 vs. 2.18 nM, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference in TRP and KYNA concentrations in serum between the studied animal groups (32.97 vs. 39.29 µM, 31.3 vs. 26.5 nM, respectively). In turn, the level of KYN was lower in the serum (0.81 vs. 1.13 µM) of cows with mastitis compared to healthy ones. No statistically significant differences in IDO activity, both in serum and in milk (25.24 and 27.55, 28.56 and 27.17, respectively) was revealed between the studied groups. These findings may have potential implications for diagnosis of mastitis in cows because reduction of these parameters in milk might be a marker predicting the occurrence of the disease.

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“…Nevertheless, despite this breed's importance to the dairy industry, few studies have been published identifying genes capable of conferring resistance to mastitis in animals other than taurine breeds (Bos taurus taurus). There are indications of the existence of differences in the response profile to clinical mastitis among Gyr, Holstein and cross-bred animals (Fonseca et al, 2009(Fonseca et al, , 2011. Besides this, one of the main results of The Bovine HapMap Consortium (2009) was confirmation that cattle are divided into three main groups: European, Indian and African.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…However, all of these studies involve cattle of the Holstein breed. Based on these studies, the genes involved in the immune response have been indicated as likely candidates for understanding resistance and susceptibility to mastitis (Alluwaimi et al, 2003;Fonseca et al, 2009Fonseca et al, , 2011Oviedo-Boyso et al, 2007). An ample analysis of the orchestrated interaction of cytokines and chemokines during mastitis caused by a specific pathogen can help to better understand the regulation of the immune response in the udder to this pathogen .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene expression profile in zebu dairy cows (Bos taurus indicus) with mastitis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae

et al. 2015

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a b s t r a c tMastitis is an inflammatory response in the mammary gland caused by an influx of somatic cells, composed mainly of neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes. The speed and efficacy of the host's immune response to the invasive pathogen affects the establishment, persistence and severity of the infection. To characterize the gene expression and response mechanism to infection by Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae) in zebu dairy cows of the Gyr breed, we carried out a transcriptome study of the cells present in the milk from 17 animals. Milk samples were collected before inoculation (hour 0) and 4, 9 and 24 h after inoculation of the bacteria into one of the quarters and at 0 and 24 h from one of the quarters not inoculated. The transcriptome analysis was done by the microarray and real-time PCR techniques. The microarray technique revealed the existence of 32 differentially expressed genes between inoculation and 4 h afterward. The validation of these results by real-time PCR was done for eight genes. Besides these eight genes, the expression of six others was evaluated by real-time PCR even though they did not present a significant difference by the microarray technique. Of the 14 genes analyzed by real-time PCR, all showed a significant difference in expression for at least one of the comparisons between times. This analysis indicated an increase in the expression of all the genes that presented a significant difference in relation to hour 0, with most of them presenting maximum expression 24 h after inoculation of the pathogen. Comparison of the gene expression between the inoculated and non-inoculated quarters showed greater expression in nine genes in the inoculated quarters. Analyses of gene networks revealed three modules with distinct characteristics 24 h after inoculation and showed that some mechanisms are altered in Gyr dairy cows after infection of the mammary gland by S. agalactiae. In this study it was possible to verify changes in the expression of at least 14 genes related to the immune response of zebuine animals against intramammary infection caused by S. agalactiae. These genes can play important roles in fighting intramammary infection and maintaining the tissue during infection.

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Differential expression of genes during mastitis in Holstein-Zebu crossbreed dairy cows

Cited by 13 publications

References 32 publications

Cow-to-cow variation in fibroblast response to a toll-like receptor 2/6 agonist and its relation to mastitis caused by intramammary challenge with Staphylococcus aureus

Cow-to-cow variation in fibroblast response to a toll-like receptor 2/6 agonist and its relation to mastitis caused by intramammary challenge with Staphylococcus aureus

Tryptophan, kynurenine, kynurenic acid concentrations and indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase activity in serum and milk of dairy cows with subclinical mastitis caused by coagulase‐negative staphylococci

Gene expression profile in zebu dairy cows (Bos taurus indicus) with mastitis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae

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