Differential Gene Expression Network in Terpenoid Synthesis ofAntrodia cinnamomeain Mycelia and Fruiting Bodies

Abstract

Antodia cinnamomea, a precious brown-rot fungus endemic to Taiwan, has pharmaceutical applications due to its diverse array of metabolites. The terpenoids found in A. cinnamomea contribute to its most important bioactivities. We identified several terpenoid compounds in A. cinnamomea and revealed that their content in mycelium and fruiting body were significantly different. Using next-generation sequencing and an in-house transcriptome database, we identified several terpene synthase (TPS) candidates. After sequence analysis and functional characterization, 10 out of 12 candidates were found to have single or multiple terpene synthesis functions. Most of the terpenoid compounds were found to confer important bioactivities. RT-PCR results showed a positive correlation between terpene synthase expression pattern and terpenoid content. In addition, we identified several modification enzyme candidates that may be involved in the postmodification of terpenoid compounds with a genomic DNA scaffold, and a putative genetic network.

Insight into metabolic diversity of the brown‐rot basidiomycete Postia placenta responsible for sesquiterpene biosynthesis: semi‐comprehensive screening of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in protoilludene metabolism

“…However, three species were amplified as immature cDNA whose open reading frames were shifted and six species were not expressed under the experimental conditions used. Although further investigation is required, gene expression/splicing of certain PpSTSs might be tightly regulated such that some terpene synthases are specifically expressed in the fruiting body (Lin et al ., ) and alternative splicing of fungal genes are possible (Nazir et al ., ).…”

“…However, three species were amplified as immature cDNA whose open reading frames were shifted and six species were not expressed under the experimental conditions used. Although further investigation is required, gene expression/splicing of certain PpSTSs might be tightly regulated such that some terpene synthases are specifically expressed in the fruiting body (Lin et al, 2017) and alternative splicing of fungal genes are possible (Nazir et al, 2010). Sesquiterpene synthases have well-known conserved signature motif sequences that is aspartate-rich and the NSE/DTE motifs, which play vital roles in coordinating Mg 2+ to facilitate ionization of FPP/NPP in the active site (Aaron and Christianson, 2010).…”

Identification of sesquiterpene synthases from the Basidiomycota Coniophora puteana for the efficient and highly selective β-copaene and cubebol production in E. coli

“…Therefore, this is the first report of any enzyme system involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis from this organism. Only a few reports describe the successful functional characterization of TPSs from the phylum of Basidiomycota [ 35 , 37 , 39 , 42 ]. In this study, the heterologous expression of Copu2 and Copu3 functionally confirmed their identities as sesquiterpene synthases (STPSs).…”

Antrodia cinnamomea —An updated minireview of its bioactive components and biological activity

“…Lin et al, have found various terpenoid compounds in both liquid cultured mycelium and wild‐type fruiting body of A. cinnamomea (Ling et al, ). Using next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and transcriptome database several terpene synthase (TPS) candidates have been identified.…”

“…Using next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and transcriptome database several terpene synthase (TPS) candidates have been identified. A positive association was found among terpene synthase expression pattern and terpenoid content and it was further identified that several other enzymes are responsible for post‐modification of terpenoids with a genomic DNA scaffold and differential gene expression (Lin et al, ).…”