“…However, understanding specific aspects of neural control is still the realm of implanted electrodes, neural stimulation, and lesions, none of which are possible in human subjects. Stimulation studies can provide information on how specific nerves or CNS regions control or inhibit swallowing [13, 43, 46, 47]. Lesion studies can both mimic human injury, and specify the extent of functional involvement of different regions of the brain [17, 45].…”