1993
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/168.5.1087
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Differential Mortality by Measles Vaccine Titer and Sex

Abstract: Mortality was evaluated in 1972 children who had received measles vaccines at 6-11 months of age that were 10-fold (medium titer) or 100-fold (high titer) greater than standard titer. Mortality among boys did not differ by vaccine titer and was similar to mortality in children who received standard-titer vaccine. Girl recipients of high-titer vaccine had somewhat greater mortality than girls who received medium-titer vaccine (risk ratio = 1.71, 95% confidence interval = 0.91-3.24). Increased mortality was asso… Show more

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Cited by 103 publications
(35 citation statements)
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“…Clearly, colostrum and breast milk are rich in cellular and acellular factors that could be important to neonatal respiratory immunity. 19 Sex differences in early immunity can be inferred from differential responses to measles vaccine, 20 as well as differential risks of various neonatal infection syndromes (sepsis, meningitis, urinary tract infection, and pustulosis) [21][22][23][24] and pathogen-defined childhood infectious diseases (enteroviruses, adenoviruses, and respiratory syncytial virus, among others). [25][26][27] However, work remains to be done to understand the specific ways in which such differences contribute to neonatal systemic and mucosal immunity in the prevention and amelioration of respiratory disease.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Clearly, colostrum and breast milk are rich in cellular and acellular factors that could be important to neonatal respiratory immunity. 19 Sex differences in early immunity can be inferred from differential responses to measles vaccine, 20 as well as differential risks of various neonatal infection syndromes (sepsis, meningitis, urinary tract infection, and pustulosis) [21][22][23][24] and pathogen-defined childhood infectious diseases (enteroviruses, adenoviruses, and respiratory syncytial virus, among others). [25][26][27] However, work remains to be done to understand the specific ways in which such differences contribute to neonatal systemic and mucosal immunity in the prevention and amelioration of respiratory disease.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…By using another approach, the measles vaccine virus was administered parenterally at a 10-to 100-fold-increased dose (38). This improved seroconversion in infants 4 to 6 months of age, but there was an associated increase in mortality in the high-titer vaccine recipients later in infancy (22,28,38).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Atypical measles is associated with anamnestic production of large amounts of nonprotective, low avidity, complement-fixing antibody leading to immune complex deposition in multiple sites (8,9). A high-titer live attenuated vaccine also proved problematic when given to 4-to 6-month-old infants because of an unexplained increase in all-cause mortality in vaccinated girls (10)(11)(12).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%