Differential mRNA Expression of Antimicrobial Peptides and Proteins in Atopic Dermatitis as Compared to Psoriasis Vulgaris and Healthy Skin

Abstract

Background: Patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) are prone to have skin infections. We aimed to investigate mRNA expression levels of various antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs) in AD patients, and compare it with psoriasis vulgaris (PV) patients and healthy subjects. Methods: Skin biopsies were obtained from healthy subjects and patients with AD and PV. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR was used to determine the mRNA levels of human β-defensin (hBD)-1, hBD-2, hBD-3, LL-37, psoriasin, RNase 7, interferon-γ, and interleukin-10 (IL-10). Results: Except for LL-37, mRNA of hBDs, psoriasin, and RNase 7 was significantly higher expressed in AD (n = 42) and/or PV (n = 35) patients when compared to controls (n = 18). While PV lesions showed significantly higher mRNA hBD-2 levels than lesions of AD, the latter was associated with significantly higher mRNA levels of RNase 7 when compared to PV. A significant positive correlation of hBD expression was observed both in AD patients and PV patients. hBD mRNA levels of AD skin correlated with psoriasin and RNase 7 levels. hBD-1 mRNA expression correlated with AD activity and IL-10 mRNA expression. Conclusions: Most AMPs investigated in this study proved to be overexpressed in AD as well as PV when compared to controls. However, a statistically significant difference in AMP mRNA expression between AD and PV was only found for hBD-2 and RNase 7. A moderate-to-strong linear relationship between the mRNA expression of particular AMPs appears to exist in AD, and to a lesser extent in PV as well.

Deficiency of IL-22 Contributes to a Chronic Inflammatory Disease: Pathogenetic Mechanisms in Acne Inversa

“…Therefore, we first analyzed the expression of BDs (BD1, BD2, and BD3) and S100 proteins (S100A7, S100A8, and S100A9) in AI lesions and, as a comparison, in lesional skin from Ps and AD patients as well as in healthy skin from control participants. In line with previous results from others and ourselves (8,14,15,17,(20)(21)(22)(23), we found constitutive AMP expression in healthy skin and a strong upregulation of all AMPs except of BD1 in lesions from Ps and AD patients (Fig. 1).…”

“…Apart from AI, AD also represents an inflammatory skin disease with frequent bacterial persistence in the affected skin (20)(21)(22)(23). We demonstrated in this study that, surprisingly, the extent of the relative AMP deficiency in AD was much lower than in AI.…”

“…In this regard, the difference in the expression of AMPs between psoriasis (Ps) and atopic dermatitis (AD) is interesting and has been intensively investigated: in lesional Ps, skin AMPs are strongly upregulated, and infections rarely occur (18,19). In contrast, the AMP upregulation in lesional skin from AD patients is significantly lower, predisposing those patients to frequent skin infections with Grampositive bacteria (streptococci and staphylococci) (20)(21)(22)(23).…”

Skin Barrier Dysfunction and Low Antimicrobial Peptide Expression in Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma

“…2; P < 0.05, each). Although previous reports showed that hBD-1 expression correlated with disease activity in psoriasis (15,27), it was not elevated in lesional skin of psoriasis compared with normal skin. Of note, mRNA levels Figure 2.…”

Psoriasin: Schlüsselsubstanz bei der Barriereschädigung?

“…Entdeckung von mehreren Arbeitsgruppen unabhängig bestätigt [49,50]. Neben Psoriasin sind auch viele weitere antimikrobielle Peptide (AMP) in der Psoriasishaut induziert, so zum Beispiel die humanen ␤-Defensine (hBD)-2 und -3, das Cathelicidin LL-37 und Calprotectin (ein Komplex aus den S100-Proteinen A8 und A9).…”