Differential passage rates of prey components through the gut of serval&lt;i&gt; Felis serval &lt;/i&gt;and black-backed jackal &lt;i&gt;Canis mesomelas&lt;/i&gt;

Bowland, Jane M.; Rowland, A.

doi:10.4102/koedoe.v34i1.412

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Boutin & Cluff, 1989; Mills, 1992; Oli, Taylor & Rogers, 1993; Weaver, 1993). In particular it is impossible to determine whether food was scavenged or killed by the predator, which is an important consideration, particularly for jackals (Bowland & Bowland, 1991; Bowland & Perrin, 1993). Although a more realistic measure could be obtained from stomach contents when digestion of items is not yet completed, faecal analysis is a non‐intrusive method of estimating diet, and also provided sample sizes sufficiently large to measure relative changes in composition from season to season without disturbing the population under study (Doncaster et al ., 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black‐backed jackal diet at Mokolodi Nature Reserve, Botswana

Kaunda

Skinner

2003

African Journal of Ecology

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We examined the feeding habits of black-backed jackals at Mokolodi Nature Reserve, Botswana, by analysing 237 scats collected between November 1995 and February 1997. Jackal dietary habits re£ected the availability of a wide variety of food items and the di¡erential vulnerability of prey. Potential animal and plant food available to jackals varies throughout the year because of its seasonal character. Seasonality of prey occurrence in scats was pronounced for small mammals, miscellaneous fruits and invertebrates. Across all seasons, mammals were the most common food resource (32.4%, n 168), followed by anthropogenic items (14.8%), fruits (12.9%), invertebrates (10.8%), birds (8.5%), unidenti¢ed items (3.5%) and reptiles (1.4%).The presence of domestic mammals and poultry remains in scats reveals their importance in the diet of jackals and the tendency of jackals to frequent human settlements in search of food. Some ecological implications of jackal dietary habits are also explored.Key words: black-backed jackals, feeding behaviour, Botswana (10,8%), des oiseaux (8,5%), des e¨le¨ments non identi¢e¨s (3,5%) et des reptiles (1,4%). La pre¨sence de mammife© res domestiques et de volaille dans les fe© ces re¨ve© le leur importance dans le re¨gime alimentaire des chacals et la tendance qu'ont ceux-ci de fre¨quenter les installations humaines a© la recherche de nourriture. Certaines implications e¨cologiques des habitudes alimentaires des chacals sont aussi explore¨es.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black‐backed jackal diet at Mokolodi Nature Reserve, Botswana

Kaunda

Skinner

2003

African Journal of Ecology

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“…Although we did not determine gut retention times for the species on our study sites, gut retention times have been calculated in previous studies for small and medium-sized canids. The gut retention time for black-backed jackals was 1-5 days when fed small rodents (Bowland and Bowland, 1991). When fed different fruits, the gut retention time was 4-48 hr for arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus; Graae et al, 2004), and 2-36 hr, with of mean of 7-8 hr, for pampas foxes (Lycalopex gymnocercus) and crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous; Varela and Bucher, 2006).…”

Section: Consumption Of Fruits and Seed Shadowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed dispersal potential of jackals and foxes in semi-arid habitats of South Africa

Kamler

Klare

Macdonald

2020

Journal of Arid Environments

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We determined the consumption of fruits and estimated potential seed dispersal of a canid community in semi-arid ecosystems of South Africa by comparing diets, defecation sites, densities and potential seed shadows of cape foxes (Vulpes chama), bat-eared foxes (Otocyon megalotis) and black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas) on Benfontein and Rooipoort nature reserves. On Benfontein, all canid species consumed the fruit of Diospyros lycioides throughout the year. Jackals, but neither fox species, consumed relatively large amounts of Prosopis spp.(mesquite), an alien invasive. On Rooipoort, jackals had relatively high consumption of Ziziphus mucronata, followed by Grewia flava and D. lycioides. Bat-eared foxes had high consumption of fruit per area, although their seed dispersal potential was low due to their small potential seed shadow and poor germination sites. Cape foxes had the largest potential seed shadow, but their seed dispersal potential was low because of low fruit consumption, low density, and poor germination sites. Jackals had the highest seed dispersal potential because they consumed the most fruit species, had moderate densities, a relatively large potential seed shadow, and mostly

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“…Several factors have not been accounted for in previous kill frequency modelling. Predators taking large prey can feed selectively, meaning that they can afford to consume highly digestible body parts such as muscles and organs (Hornocker 1967, Bowland and Bowland 1991, Stahler et al 2006, Gidna et al 2014, Bosch et al 2015, whereas predators that kill comparatively small prey will consume their prey entirely (Mills 1996, Bothma and Coertze 2004, Anwar et al 2011 including less digestible body parts (i.e. fur, skin, bones).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predator size and prey size–gut capacity ratios determine kill frequency and carcass production in terrestrial carnivorous mammals

Cuyper

Clauss

Carbone

et al. 2018

Oikos

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Carnivore kill frequency is a fundamental part of predator–prey interactions, which are important shapers of ecosystems. Current field kill frequency data are rare and existing models are insufficiently adapted to carnivore functional groups. We developed a kill frequency model accounting for carnivore mass, prey mass, pack size, partial consumption of prey and carnivore gut capacity. Two main carnivore functional groups, small prey‐feeders versus large prey‐feeders, were established based on the relationship between stomach capacity (C) and pack corrected prey mass (iMprey). Although the majority of small prey‐feeders is below, and of large prey‐feeders above a body mass of 10–20 kg, both occur across the whole body size spectrum, indicating that the dichotomy is rather linked to body size‐related ecology than physiology. The model predicts a negative relationship between predator size and kill frequency for large prey‐feeders. However, for small prey‐feeders, this negative relationship was absent. When comparing carnivore prey requirements to estimated stomach capacity, small carnivores may have to eat to their full capacity repeatedly per day, requiring fast digestion and gut clearance. Large carnivores do not necessarily have to eat to full gastric capacity per day, or do not need to eat every day, which in turn reduces kill frequencies or drives other ecological processes such as scavenging, kleptoparasitism, and partial carcass consumption. Where ecological conditions allow, large prey‐feeding appears attractive for carnivores, which can thus reduce activities related to hunting. This is particularly so for large carnivores, who can achieve distinct reductions in hunting activity due to their relatively large gut capacity.

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Differential passage rates of prey components through the gut of serval<i> Felis serval </i>and black-backed jackal <i>Canis mesomelas</i>

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Black‐backed jackal diet at Mokolodi Nature Reserve, Botswana

Black‐backed jackal diet at Mokolodi Nature Reserve, Botswana

Seed dispersal potential of jackals and foxes in semi-arid habitats of South Africa

Predator size and prey size–gut capacity ratios determine kill frequency and carcass production in terrestrial carnivorous mammals

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