Differential Processing for Actively Ignored Pictures and Words

Walker, Maegen; Ciraolo, Margeaux; Dewald, Andrew D.; Sinnett, Scott

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0170520

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Mack and Rock (1998) found that participants could capture unattended natural scenes. One recent study suggested that pictures were processed more readily than words when attended; the reason might be because pictures could maintain more direct access to semantic representations compared to words, even under conditions in which pictures were actively ignored ( Walker et al, 2017 ). To our knowledge, there was no study that directly compared the IB rate for the unattended pictures and words; therefore, the present results need to be further investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, because of the effects of similarity were inconsistent in previous studies, more evidences with differential experimental paradigm were warranted to further clarify the similarity on IB. Additionally, the pictures might be processed differently from the words ( Walker et al, 2017 ). Therefore, in the current study, we aimed to explore whether the similarity and attended stimuli (words or pictures) would influence the recognition accuracy of unattended stimuli with the dual-task experimental paradigm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age-Related Effects of Stimulus Type and Congruency on Inattentional Blindness

Liu

2018

Front. Psychol.

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Background: Most of the previous inattentional blindness (IB) studies focused on the factors that contributed to the detection of unattended stimuli. The age-related changes on IB have rarely been investigated across all age groups. In the current study, by using the dual-task IB paradigm, we aimed to explore the age-related effects of attended stimuli type and congruency between attended and unattended stimuli on IB.Methods: The current study recruited 111 participants (30 adolescents, 48 young adults, and 33 middle-aged adults) in the baseline recognition experiments and 341 participants (135 adolescents, 135 young adults, and 71 middle-aged adults) in the IB experiment. We applied the superimposed picture and word streams experimental paradigm to explore the age-related effects of attended stimuli type and congruency between attended and unattended stimuli on IB. An ANOVA was performed to analyze the results.Results: Participants across all age groups presented significantly lower recognition scores for both pictures and words in comparison with baseline recognition. Participants presented decreased recognition for unattended pictures or words from adolescents to young adults and middle-aged adults. When the pictures and words are congruent, all the participants showed significantly higher recognition scores for unattended stimuli in comparison with incongruent condition. Adolescents and young adults did not show recognition differences when primary tasks were attending pictures or words.Conclusion: The current findings showed that all participants presented better recognition scores for attended stimuli in comparison with unattended stimuli, and the recognition scores decreased from the adolescents to young and middle-aged adults. The findings partly supported the attention capacity models of IB.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Related Effects of Stimulus Type and Congruency on Inattentional Blindness

Liu

2018

Front. Psychol.

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“…If target detection facilitates context memory, then we might also expect to find a benefit for incidentally encoded background items. However, findings from previous studies have been mixed (e.g., Dewald et al, 2011, 2013; Swallow & Jiang, 2011, 2014; Walker et al, 2017).…”

Section: Context Memory In the Attentional Boost Effectmentioning

confidence: 90%

The effects of encoding instruction and opportunity on the recollection of behaviourally relevant events

Broitman

Swallow

2019

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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How does attending to a brief, behaviourally relevant stimulus affect episodic memory encoding? In the attentional boost effect, increasing attention to a brief target in a detection task boosts memory for items that are presented at the same time (relative to distractor-paired items). Although the memory advantage for target-paired items is well established, the effects of attending to targets on other aspects of episodic memory encoding are unclear. This study examined the effects of target detection and goal-directed attention on memory for task-irrelevant information from a single event, focusing on the contributions of recollection and familiarity during recognition. In Experiment 1, participants viewed a series of briefly presented faces as they performed a detection task on unrelated squares, pressing the space bar only when the square was a target colour (e.g., blue) rather than a distractor colour (e.g., orange). Half of the participants were told to memorise the faces, and half were told to ignore them. Results indicated that both recollection and familiarity were greater for target-paired faces than for distractor-paired faces, regardless of whether the faces were intentionally encoded. Experiment 2 examined whether these effects are present for single events, replicating the recollection benefit when encoding time is sufficient. Attending to behaviourally relevant targets appears to facilitate both intentional and incidental memory for the background item and the context in which it occurred, boosting subsequent recollection as well as familiarity.

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“…Studies in the United Kingdom show that students do not understand the purpose of learning history in school [24]. In this regard, it is important for the teacher or lecturer to provide an understanding of the purpose and benefits of learning about historical material at the beginning of the meeting so students understand well the positive things that are obtained by learning history.…”

Section: B Sports Disabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

An introductory book for coaching athletes with a disability

Khotimah¹,

Ashadi²

2020

Proceedings of the International Conference on Research and Academic Community Services (ICRACOS 2019)

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The purpose of this study was to identify the ideal book for preparing students to learn of disability sport. The benefit of this research is that after finding out the ideal book, the results of the study will be used for further research, namely developing an introductory sports disability book. This research used the survey research method. The survey was conducted on 60 students at the Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya and 2 experts in the field of disability sports. Data collection tools in the form of questionnaires, checklist sheet, and interview guidelines. This research has succeeded in getting very detailed data and information that needed and the result will be used for further research, namely developing Introductory book for coaching athletes with a disability.

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Differential Processing for Actively Ignored Pictures and Words

Cited by 11 publications

References 35 publications

Age-Related Effects of Stimulus Type and Congruency on Inattentional Blindness

Age-Related Effects of Stimulus Type and Congruency on Inattentional Blindness

The effects of encoding instruction and opportunity on the recollection of behaviourally relevant events

An introductory book for coaching athletes with a disability

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