Differential response of oak and beech to late frost damage: an integrated analysis from organ to forest

Rubio-Cuadrado, Álvaro; Gómez, Cristina; Rodríguez‐Calcerrada, Jesús; Perea, Ramón; Gordaliza, Guillermo G.; Camarero, J. Julio; Montes, Fernando; Gil, Luís

doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.108243

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…The NDVI dataset shows another legacy of the spring frost, a delay in autumn leaf senescence in the frost year and also but less markedly in the following year (Figure 7). This trend is consistent with a previous study conducted in the same forest about the consequences of the 2017 frost on stem, shoot and leaf functional traits, including leaf phenology using shorter NDVI time series, but with higher temporal and spatial resolution (Rubio-Cuadrado et al 2021). Here, we found no significant differences in NDVI between years, but this is partly because of the low number of springfrost years with NDVI data (1995, 2010 and 2013) and the low spatial resolution of the dataset analyzed.…”

Section: Frost Legacies: Decreasing Resistance Index and Delayed Sene...supporting

confidence: 92%

“…The lower impact of spring frosts on Q. petraea growth is partly explained by the lower damage suffered by the leaves, which would be in turn related to its later leaf phenology (Figure 2), but it is also explained by the differences between tree species when faced with the same damage. In this sense, the loss of a cohort of leaves caused by a spring frost seems to produce a decrease in growth in F. sylvatica but not in Q. petraea (Rubio-Cuadrado et al 2021). The lower Q. petraea growth produced in frost years (Figure 5) seems to be due mostly to a delay in phenology, possibly caused by the freeze-thaw events (Tedla et al 2020), rather than to a direct effect of the damage suffered by the frozen leaves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The lower Q. petraea growth produced in frost years (Figure 5) seems to be due mostly to a delay in phenology, possibly caused by the freeze-thaw events (Tedla et al 2020), rather than to a direct effect of the damage suffered by the frozen leaves. Effectively, according to a previous study conducted in the same area (Rubio-Cuadrado et al 2021), the F. sylvatica trees damaged by the 2017 frost due to their earlier leaf flushing lost the first cohort of leaves, suffered a great delay in the emergence of the second leaf cohort and, consequently, reduced their growth drastically compared with those undamaged, with later leaf flushing. However, undamaged and damaged Q. petraea trees showed similar radial growth increments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In line with this, the availability of non-structural carbohydrates is probably not a reason for lower resilience (Rs) of F. sylvatica. Previous studies showed a reduced impact of late frosts on non-structural carbohydrate concentrations of F. sylvatica (Rubio-Cuadrado et al 2021); when a significant impact occurs this is rapidly reversed (D'Andrea et al 2019(D'Andrea et al , 2021. In addition, the lower proportion of parenchyma and non-structural carbohydrate concentrations in the sapwood of F. sylvatica as compared with that of the two Quercus species may be compensated by a higher sapwood depth (Rodríguez-Calcerrada et al 2015).…”

Section: Frost Legacies: Decreasing Resistance Index and Delayed Sene...mentioning

confidence: 92%

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Impact of successive spring frosts on leaf phenology and radial growth in three deciduous tree species with contrasting climate requirements in central Spain

et al. 2021

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Rear-edge tree populations forming the equatorward limit of distribution of temperate species are assumed to be more adapted to climate variability than central (core) populations. However, climate is expected to become more variable and the frequency of climate extremes is forecasted to increase. Climatic extreme events such as heat waves, dry spells and spring frosts could become more frequent, and negatively impact and jeopardize rear-edge stands. To evaluate these ideas, we analyzed the growth response of trees to successive spring frosts in a mixed forest, where two temperate deciduous species, Fagus sylvatica (European beech) and Quercus petraea (sessile oak), both at their southernmost edge, coexist with the Mediterranean Quercus pyrenaica (Pyrenean oak). Growth reductions in spring-frost years ranked across species as F. sylvatica > Q. petraea > Q. pyrenaica. Leaf flushing occurred earlier in F. sylvatica and later in Q. pyrenaica, suggesting that leaf phenology was a strong determinant of spring frost damage and stem growth reduction. The frost impact depended on prior climate conditions, since warmer days prior to frost occurrence predisposed to frost damage. Autumn Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data showed delayed leaf senescence in spring-frost years and subsequent years as compared with pre-frost years. In the studied forest, the negative impact of spring frosts on Q. petraea and especially on F. sylvatica growth was considerably higher than the impacts due to drought. The succession of four spring frosts in the last two decades determined a trend of decreasing resistance of radial growth to frosts in F. sylvatica. The increased frequency of spring frosts might prevent the expansion and persistence of F. sylvatica in this rear-edge Mediterranean population.

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Section: Frost Legacies: Decreasing Resistance Index and Delayed Sene...supporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Frost Legacies: Decreasing Resistance Index and Delayed Sene...mentioning

confidence: 92%

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Impact of successive spring frosts on leaf phenology and radial growth in three deciduous tree species with contrasting climate requirements in central Spain

et al. 2021

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“…The EFCM is based on 16-day maximum value composites derived from daily Terra MODIS NDVI observations spanning the period of 2001 to current at a spatial resolution of 231.25 × 231.25 m and covering the area of Europe. We based the EFCM on NDVI since it represents vegetation greenness which reflects tree-species phenology (Misra et al, 2016 , 2018 ) and responds sensitively to drought-stress in trees (Anyamba and Tucker, 2012 ; Orth et al, 2016 ; Buras et al, 2018 , 2020 ; Brun et al, 2020 ; Rita et al, 2020 ), late-frost damage (Rubio-Cuadrado et al, 2021 ), tree die-back (Rogers et al, 2018 ; Liu et al, 2019 ; Spruce et al, 2019 ), and has been used to compute vegetation condition indices (e.g., Kogan, 1995 ). Given its wide application within a forest-decline context, we consider NDVI as a meaningful proxy for actual forest condition which, in case of extreme values, may represent extraordinary phenology (early start of the season and early senescence, e.g., Misra et al, 2016 ; Brun et al, 2020 ) or canopy greenness due to atypical environmental conditions such as drought, late-frost, water-logged soils succeeding long-lasting precipitation events, ice storms, and windthrow (e.g., Bascietto et al, 2018 ; Buras et al, 2020 ; Rita et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The European Forest Condition Monitor: Using Remotely Sensed Forest Greenness to Identify Hot Spots of Forest Decline

2021

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Forest decline, in course of climate change, has become a frequently observed phenomenon. Much of the observed decline has been associated with an increasing frequency of climate change induced hotter droughts while decline induced by flooding, late-frost, and storms also play an important role. As a consequence, tree mortality rates have increased across the globe. Despite numerous studies that have assessed forest decline and predisposing factors for tree mortality, we still lack an in-depth understanding of (I) underlying eco-physiological mechanisms, (II) the influence of varying environmental conditions related to soil, competition, and micro-climate, and (III) species-specific strategies to cope with prolonged environmental stress. To deepen our knowledge within this context, studying tree performance within larger networks seems a promising research avenue. Ideally such networks are already established during the actual period of environmental stress. One approach for identifying stressed forests suitable for such monitoring networks is to assess measures related to tree vitality in near real-time across large regions by means of satellite-borne remote sensing. Within this context, we introduce the European Forest Condition monitor (EFCM)—a remote-sensing based, freely available, interactive web information tool. The EFCM depicts forest greenness (as approximated using NDVI from MODIS at a spatial resolution of roughly 5.3 hectares) for the pixel-specific growing season across Europe and consequently allows for guiding research within the context of concurrent forest performance. To allow for inter-temporal comparability and account for pixel-specific features, all observations are set in relation to normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) records over the monitoring period beginning in 2001. The EFCM provides both a quantile-based and a proportion-based product, thereby allowing for both relative and absolute comparison of forest greenness over the observational record. Based on six specific examples related to spring phenology, drought, late-frost, tree die-back on water-logged soils, an ice storm, and windthrow we exemplify how the EFCM may help identifying hotspots of extraordinary forest greenness. We discuss advantages and limitations when monitoring forest condition at large scales on the basis of moderate resolution remote sensing products to guide users toward an appropriate interpretation.

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Process-based indicators for timely identification of apricot frost disaster on the warm temperate zone, China

Yang

Huo

Wang

et al. 2021

Theor Appl Climatol

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Frequent occurrences of extreme cold weather processes create severe agricultural/forest frost events, even given the background of global warming. In the warm temperate zone of China, which is the largest planting area for fresh apricot, late spring frost disaster has become one of the major meteorological hazards during flowering. To prevent cold weather-induced apricot frost events and reduce potential losses in related fruit economic value, it is vital to establish a meteorological indicator for timely and accurate identification of cold weather process-based apricot frost events, to provide support for timely apricot frost monitoring and warning in late spring. In this study, daily minimax temperature (𝑇 𝑚𝑖𝑛 ) and apricot frost disaster data during flowering were combined to establish meteorological identification indicators of apricot frost based on cold weather processes.A process-based apricot frost model 𝑓(𝐷, 𝑇 𝑐𝑢𝑚 ) was firstly constructed, and characteristics of 𝑇 𝑐𝑢𝑚 (accumulated harmful temperature) were explored under different D (duration days) based on the representation of historical apricot frost processes. Thresholds for the 𝑇 𝑐𝑢𝑚 for apricot frost in 1, 2, 3, 4 and more than 5 days of apricot frost process were determined as -1.51, -2.92, -4.39, -5.84

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Differential response of oak and beech to late frost damage: an integrated analysis from organ to forest

Cited by 21 publications

References 74 publications

Impact of successive spring frosts on leaf phenology and radial growth in three deciduous tree species with contrasting climate requirements in central Spain

Impact of successive spring frosts on leaf phenology and radial growth in three deciduous tree species with contrasting climate requirements in central Spain

The European Forest Condition Monitor: Using Remotely Sensed Forest Greenness to Identify Hot Spots of Forest Decline

Process-based indicators for timely identification of apricot frost disaster on the warm temperate zone, China

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