Differential responses of molecular mechanisms and physiochemical characters in wild and cultivated soybeans against invasion by the pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl

Abstract

Cultivated soybean (Glycine max) was derived from the wild soybean (Glycine soja), which has genetic resources that can be critically important for improving plant stress resistance. However, little information is available pertaining to the molecular and physiochemical comparison between the cultivated and wild soybeans in response to the pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl. In this study, we first used comparative phenotypic and paraffin section analyses to indicate that wild soybean is indeed more resistant to F. oxysporum than cultivated soybean. Genome‐wide RNA‐sequencing approach was then used to elucidate the genetic mechanisms underlying the differential physiological and biochemical responses of the cultivated soybean, and its relative, to F. oxysporum. A greater number of genes related to cell wall synthesis and hormone metabolism were significantly altered in wild soybean than in cultivated soybean under F. oxysporum infection. Accordingly, a higher accumulation of lignins was observed in wild soybean than cultivated soybean under F. oxysporum infection. Collectively, these results indicated that secondary metabolites and plant hormones may play a vital role in differentiating the response between cultivated and wild soybeans against the pathogen. These important findings may provide future direction to breeding programs to improve resistance to F. oxysporum in the elite soybean cultivars by taking advantage of the genetic resources within wild soybean germplasm.

Connection the Rhizomicrobiome and Plant MAPK Gene Expression Response to Pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum in Wild and Cultivated Soybean

“…Seven DEGs were selected for validation of the RNA-seq data using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) (Supplementary Table 3). The RT-qPCR data for these genes were consistent with the RNA-seq results from the four group samples, which indicated a high degree of reproducibility between the DEG fold changes assayed using RNA-seq and the expression profiles revealed by RT-qPCR (Chang et al, 2018). …”

“…The average error rate of the sequences ranged from 0.0128–0.0132%, and more than 96% of the bases had error rates < 0.1% (Supplementary Table 2) (Chang et al, 2018). The short read sequences were blasted against the soybean reference genome (Wm82.a2.v1), and the total mapping rates ranged from 54.96% to 74.76%.…”

“…Significant DEGs were determined by using a |fold change| ≥ 2 and a q -value < 0.05. Upon using these criteria, a total of 1,060, 1,372, 5,300, and 6,505 DEGs were identified in the C + F vs. C, W + F vs. W, W + F vs. C + F and W vs. C comparisons, of which 211, 614, 2,344, and 2,810 DEGs were upregulated and 849, 758, 2,956, and 3,695 were downregulated, respectively (Chang et al, 2018). Seven DEGs were selected for validation of the RNA-seq data using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) (Supplementary Table 3).…”

“…Upon the appearance of trifoliate leaves, the seedlings of both soybean genotypes were inoculated with an F. oxysporum spore suspension (1.0 × 10 7 spores/ml) according to the method previously described (Scandiani et al, 2015). We then tested and observed the phenotype of wild and cultivated soybean without or with pathogen invasion after inoculated F. oxysporum 7 days ago (Chang et al 2018). …”

Genomics of Plant Disease Resistance in Legumes

“…RNAseq analysis of Glycine max infected with both pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains of F. oxysporum identified over-representation of defense-related genes corresponding to necrosis in resistant interactions (Lanubile et al, 2015). RNAseq was carried out to understand the molecular differences in defense responses between cultivated and wild species of Glycine max against the pathogenic F. oxysporum Schltdl (Chang et al, 2019). That study identified the role of secondary metabolites and plant hormones in wild-type germplasm that could be adapted into cultivated species for enhanced resistance.…”