Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Dinamic Mechanical Analysis of Phenol-Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Resins

Lisperguer, Justo; Droguett, Cynthia; Ruf, Beatriz; Nuñez, Mario

doi:10.4067/s0717-97072005000200002

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Figure (a) and Table show that, as the R / P molar ratio increased, the first curing exothermic peak shifted to lower temperature and the reaction enthalpy △ H 1 increased, while the second curing exothermic peak moved to higher temperature and the △ H 2 decreased, which were due to high reactivity of resins caused by the incorporation of resorcinol. The trends were consistent with the trends of previous literature . And in the literature, the low temperature peak (99.9 °C) of PRF used as adhesives was lower than that of the resins for preparing foams in our work (150 °C) because the R / P molar ratio (0.54/1) was far above the R / P molar ratio (0.13/0.87) of PRFRs.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The trends were consistent with the trends of previous literature. 15 And in the literature, the low temperature peak (99.9 8C) of PRF used as adhesives was lower than that of the resins for preparing foams in our work (150 8C) because the R/P molar ratio (0.54/1) was far above the R/P molar ratio (0.13/0.87) of PRFRs. However, PRFR-3 had lower ᭝H 1 and higher ᭝H 2 compared with PFR, PRFR-1, and PRFR-2 because of steric hindrance resulted by high polymerization degree.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 56%

“…Typically, resorcinol is used to produce wood adhesive resorcinol−formaldehyde resins (RFs), which are the primary adhesives used to manufacture laminated woods, and cure at room temperatures under neutral conditions due to their high reactivity . However, RFs are more costly than phenol−formaldehyde resins because resorcinol is more expensive than phenol, so resorcinol is used to substitute for part of phenol . It is generally known that phenol−resorcinol−formaldehyde resin (PRF) adhesives are used in the wood industry field because of their excellent bonding performance .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 However, RFs are more costly than phe-nol2formaldehyde resins because resorcinol is more expensive than phenol, so resorcinol is used to substitute for part of phenol. 10 It is generally known that phenol2resorcinol2formaldehyde resin (PRF) adhesives are used in the wood industry field because of their excellent bonding performance. 11,12 In recent years, PRF resins were applied in new fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resorcinol in high solid phenol−formaldehyde resins for foams production

Liu

Chen

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The acid curing agent content and foaming temperature could be reduced by improving the resol reactivity. In this study, highly active and solid phenol−resorcinol−formaldehyde copolymer resins (PRFRs) with different resorcinol/phenol (R/P) molar ratios and formaldehyde/(phenol + resorcinol) [F/(P + R)] molar ratios were synthesized through the copolymerization of resorcinol, formaldehyde, and phenol. Phenol−resorcinol−formaldehyde foams (PRFFs) were prepared with synthetic PRFRs. The results showed that PRFR‐2 exhibited higher reactivity, faster curing speed, and better thermal stability. In addition, the foam produced with the PRFR‐2 had improved mechanical and flame retardation properties and a compressive strength of 0.18 MPa, a flexural strength of 0.25 MPa, and a limited oxygen index (LOI) greater than 37%. The increased reactivity of the PRFRs correlated with the changing mechanical properties of PRFFs because of the effects of resorcinol and the molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol and resorcinol. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44881.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 56%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resorcinol in high solid phenol−formaldehyde resins for foams production

Liu

Chen

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…22 The endotherm in the range of 200-220°C shows the thermal degradation of tannin, also shown in the figure 4.…”

Section: Curing Reaction Of Tannin-formaldehyde Adhesivesmentioning

confidence: 87%

STRUCTURE AND THERMAL BEHAVIOR OF TANNINS FROM Acacia dealbata BARK AND THEIR REACTIVITY TOWARD FORMALDEHYDE

Lisperguer

Saravia²,

Vergara

2016

J. Chil. Chem. Soc.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the tannin extraction potential taken from the bark of Acacia dealbata. This tannins were extracted with water at 90°C. An extraction yield of 17.2% solids with a Stiasny number of 82% was obtained from the bark extract of Acacia dealbata. The structure was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The thermal behavior of tannins was studied by DSC and a glass-transition temperature (T g ) of 116,77°C was determined. The thermal stability of tannins was studied by TGA. At 196.91°C the decomposition is 3.7% and the maximum of the weight loss rate (DTG) of the degradation was 257.77°C. The curing with formaldehyde showed an exotherm reaction in the range of 100-120°C, which is similar to tannins of other species.

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Prediction of curing kinetics of resorcinol‐added resole phenolic resins using differential scanning calorimetry for the fabrication of carbon/carbon composites

Cordeiro

Davis

Ramsurn

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Phenolic resins are commonly used as carbon precursors for the fabrication of carbon/carbon composites due to their high carbon yield and aromatic nature. To decrease curing times, acid catalysts are generally used, but the addition of resorcinol was found to have a similar effect while being incorporated into the resin matrix with no contamination or corrosion issues. In this work, the curing kinetics of pure, 10, 20, and 30 wt% resorcinol‐added phenolic resins were investigated through differential scanning calorimetry. Heating rates of 0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5°C min−1 were used with several curing models to predict isothermal curing. Averaged mean absolute error (MAE) for the isoconversional mathematical approaches namely Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (MAE = 12.9 min), Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (15.8 min), and Vyazovkin (14 min) show that these methods provide the best predictions, attributed to their adoption of an activation energy that depends on the extent of cure (Ea (α)). The Kissinger method (MAE = 36 min), which depends only on peak temperature with a constant activation energy assumption, and the data noise sensitive Friedman model (MAE = 1144.7 min) provide the least accurate results. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that resorcinol decreases the curing times by up to 71% without lowering carbon yield.

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Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Dinamic Mechanical Analysis of Phenol-Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Resins

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Resorcinol in high solid phenol−formaldehyde resins for foams production

Resorcinol in high solid phenol−formaldehyde resins for foams production

STRUCTURE AND THERMAL BEHAVIOR OF TANNINS FROM Acacia dealbata BARK AND THEIR REACTIVITY TOWARD FORMALDEHYDE

Prediction of curing kinetics of resorcinol‐added resole phenolic resins using differential scanning calorimetry for the fabrication of carbon/carbon composites

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