Differential Sensitivity of Children and Adults to Chemical Toxicity

Scheuplein, Robert J.; Charnley, Gail; Dourson, Michael

doi:10.1006/rtph.2002.1558

Cited by 185 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 108 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Previous studies that have employed healthy adults as the participant sample have reported smaller effect sizes than those observed here [9] [10]. This differential in effects may be the consequence of general age-related changes in physiological and pharmacological sensitivity that have been reported for a range of drugs and toxins [40]. If this is the case it would offer support to the previously proposed pharmacological mechanism that may underpin the activity of Rosemary aroma [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Any Sense in Classroom Scents? Aroma of Rosemary Essential Oil Significantly Improves Cognition in Young School Children

Moss¹,

Earl²,

Moss³

et al. 2017

ACES

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The inhalation of the aroma of Rosemary essential oil has been shown to enhance cognition in healthy adults. In this independent groups design study we exposed forty schoolchildren aged nine to eleven years to either Rosemary aroma or no aroma in a classroom setting where they completed standardised tests of working memory in fifteen minute procedure. Analysis of the data revealed that performance on the Immediate serial recall, Sentence span, and Counting span tasks were significantly better in the Rosemary aroma condition and possessed medium to large effect sizes. This is the first study to demonstrate such effects in children and suggests that the potential for enhancement is greater than in adults. The findings are discussed in terms of the potential for improving academic attainment through natural interventions and the possible mechanisms behind such effects.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Any Sense in Classroom Scents? Aroma of Rosemary Essential Oil Significantly Improves Cognition in Young School Children

Moss¹,

Earl²,

Moss³

et al. 2017

ACES

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Developmental characteristics of children as a response to their living environment are specific bioaccumulation, absorption, distribution, foetal and transitional perinatal metabolic and detoxifi cation enzymes and kidney clearance (102). Adult values for glomerular fi ltration rate, maximum tubular excretory capacity, and maximum renal concentrating capacity are achieved by the age of 2 years.…”

Section: Conclusion and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal, Early Life, and Childhood Exposure to Genotoxicants in the Living Environment

Katic

Fučić

Gamulin

2010

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Health disorders and diseases related to environmental exposure in children such as cancer and immunologic disturbances (asthma, allergies) are on the rise. However, complex transplacental and prepubertal genotoxicology is given very limited consideration, even though intrauterine development and early childhood may be critical for elucidating the cancer aetiology. The foetus is transplacentally exposed to contaminants in food and environment such as various chemicals, drugs, radiochemically contaminated water and air. Target organs of xenobiotic action may differ between the mother and the foetus due to specifi c stage of developmental physiology and enzyme distribution. This in turn may lead to different levels of clastogenic and aneugenic metabolites of the same xenobiotic in the mother and the foetus. Adult's protective behaviour is not suffi cient to isolate children from radioisotopes, pesticides, toxic metals and metalloids, environmental tobacco smoke, endocrine disrupting chemicals, and various food contaminants, which are just a part of the stressors present in a polluted environment. In order to improve legislation related to foetus and child exposure to genotoxic and possibly carcinogenic agents, oncologists, paediatricians, environmental health specialists, and genotoxicologists should work together much more closely to make a more effective use of accumulated scientifi c data, with the fi nal aim to lower cancer incidence and mortality.

show abstract

“…The scientific literature shows that children may be more sensitive, equally sensitive or less sensitive to effects from chemical exposures than adults [39]. While children over 6 months of age can be more sensitive than adults to chemical toxicity, in many cases they are less sensitive [40]. Furthermore, Dourson et al [41] concluded that, taking into account relative sensitivities of adults and children and the types and the scope of toxicity test protocols that substances are subjected to, additional uncertainty factors, over and above those traditionally used, are generally not supported for addressing concerns to children greater than 6 months of age.…”

Section: Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does The Standard Toxicological Testing Paradigm for Industrial Chemicals Apply to Screening for Children's Health Risks?

Plunkett¹,

Becker²

2008

TOTOXIJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:Questions have been raised concerning whether standard toxicological testing paradigms for characterizing hazards are applicable for children. In this paper, the standard toxicological testing paradigm for industrial chemicals 1 is examined. The analysis includes examination of the basic principles and elements of hazard characterization methodology based on animal toxicity data, examination of the characteristics of the standard toxicity tests that apply to assessing hazards of industrial chemicals to children's health, and an appraisal of specific industrial chemical hazard characterizations developed by USEPA covering more than 200 substances (High Production Volume (HPV) Challenge datasets 2 ) with regard to their relevancy for use in screening for potential risks to children's health. We conclude that the standard toxicity tests used for industrial chemicals that comprise the USEPA's HPV Challenge provide adequate information for developing screening-level hazard characterizations for children's health, and when coupled with child-specific exposure information should provide adequate screening-level risk evaluations for children.

show abstract

Differential Sensitivity of Children and Adults to Chemical Toxicity

Cited by 185 publications

References 108 publications

Any Sense in Classroom Scents? Aroma of Rosemary Essential Oil Significantly Improves Cognition in Young School Children

Any Sense in Classroom Scents? Aroma of Rosemary Essential Oil Significantly Improves Cognition in Young School Children

Prenatal, Early Life, and Childhood Exposure to Genotoxicants in the Living Environment

Does The Standard Toxicological Testing Paradigm for Industrial Chemicals Apply to Screening for Children's Health Risks?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About