Differential STBC-SM Scheme for Uplink Multi-User Massive MIMO Communications: System Design and Performance Analysis

Abstract

In this paper, a novel differential space-time block coded spatial modulation (differential STBC-SM) is proposed for uplink multi-user massive multiple-input multiple-output (MI-MO) communications, which combines the concept of differential coding and STBC-SM to enhance the diversity benefits in the absence of the channel state information (CSI). The transmission structure of the proposed system is on a block basis, where each block contains two sub-blocks. More specifically, the first sub-block only conveys amplitude and phase modulation (APM) symbol bits, since its transmit antennas (TAs) obey a pre-designed activation pattern, which do not carry any information bit. For the second sub-block, the input bits are modulated to STBC-SM matrices, which are then differentially coded between two adjacent sub-blocks. Moreover, a novel block-by-block based non-coherent detector is presented. Finally, we derive an upper bound on the average bit error probability (ABEP) by using the moment generating function (MGF). Our simulation results show that the proposed differential STBC-SM transmission structure is able to acquire considerable bit error rate (BER) performance improvements compared to both the conventional differential spatial modulation (DSM) and differential Alamouti schemes.

Improved Expectation Propagation Assisted Grouped Generalized Composition Spatial Modulation for Massive MIMO Systems

“…x = x(1 : N t ) + j x(N t + 1 : 2N t ); 12: for g = 1, 2, ..., G, do 13: xg = x((g − 1)N + 1 : gN, :); gth group can be estimated as Îg = [i 1 , i 2 , ..., i Na ] = sort 2 ([z 1 , z 2 , ..., z Na ]), where i 1 and i Na denote the positions of the minimal and maximal values, respectively 3 L s g,z2 with l z2 ∈ ξ leg and s z2 ∈ S. Note that ξ leg is the legitimate EAP set, 3 sort 1 (•) and sort 2 (•) denote the descending and ascending order function, respectively. LCIR-GSM in [7], 8PSK, G=2 LCIR-GSM in [7], 8PSK, G=4 Proposed G-GCSM, QPSK, G=4, L=5 Fig.…”

“…M ASSIVE multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system is regarded as a key technique for the next generation wireless communications, since it is capable of enhancing the spectral efficiency (SE), reliability and system capacity [1]- [3]. However, it requires the same amount of radio frequency (RF) chains as that of the transmit antennas (TAs), resulting in substantial implementation cost, energy consumption and signal processing complexity.…”

A Beamforming Technique Using Rotman Lens Antenna for Wireless Relay燦etworks

“…Where K 0 (θ) = P T α(θ ) σ 2 0 σ 2 and M γs (θ ) represents MGF of γ s . Like (28), M γr (θ )given in ( 29) is calculated by integrating with respect to both (exponential) random variables |f r | 2 and |g r | 2 . Thus,…”

“…A bi-directional differential beamforming scheme have been proposed in [9] by utilizing differential phase shift keying modulation at the relay stations to enable beamforming without the knowledge of any instantaneous CSI. On the other hand, more non-beamforming techniques have been proposed without the knowledge of any instantaneous CSI [26][27][28][29]. The Rotman lens is a radio frequency (RF) beam-former that has multi-input and multi-output beam ports [30,31].…”

Deep graph neural network optimized with fertile field algorithm based detection model for uplink multiuser massive multiple‐input and multiple‐output system

“…Some of the recent literatures based on UMM-MIMO are discussed below: Zhu et al 25 have presented differential space-time block coded spatial modulation (STBC-SM) scheme for UMM-MIMO communications. The STBC-SM was used to improve the diversity advantages in deficiency of channel state information (CSI).…”