Differential TNFα mRNA regulation detected in the epidermis of leprosy patients

Abstract

The epidermis is an important site of the immunoinflammatory response in the skin. In the present study, the expression of cytokine and ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1) genes was evaluated by RT-PCR in the epidermis isolated from biopsies from 25 reactional leprosy patients. TNFalpha and IL-6 mRNAs were detected in all individuals during the reactional state (reversal reaction or erythema nodosum leprosum), IL-8 message was detected in 66.6% and 62.5% of the patients, IL-12 mRNA was present in 91.6% and 62.5% and ICAM-1 in 100% and 71.4%, respectively. In addition, when skin biopsies were obtained from the same patients before and during the reactional episode, an enhancement in cytokine mRNA, but not in ICAM-1 mRNA, was observed. Seven patients were also evaluated at the onset of reaction and during antiinflammatory treatment. In contrast to a preferential decrease in the TNFalpha gene detected in the dermis, during the treatment phase, persistent/enhanced TNFalpha mRNA expression was detected in the epidermis in six out of the seven patients assessed. This peculiar pattern of expression might reflect a differential impact that in vivo antiinflammatory therapy has on the epidermis. The present findings indicate that the epidermis plays an important role in the local inflammatory response in leprosy and that the profile of response detected in the epidermis during the reactions may be regulated differently from that in the dermis.

Development of Type 2, But Not Type 1, Leprosy Reactions is Associated with a Severe Reduction of Circulating and In situ Regulatory T-Cells

“…[28][29][30] In addition, IL-6 messenger RNA and protein have been detected in T1R lesions. [31][32][33] Thus, the lack of unequivocal correlations between specific cytokines and distinct phenotypes or outcomes highlights the complexity of the immune response in leprosy. An exception to this could be the high expression of IL-17, which is in agreement with the neutrophil infiltration and Th-17 pattern of immune response that characterize the histological picture of T2R.…”

Leprosy type 1 reactions and erythema nodosum leprosum

“…The major T cell subtype in ENL is the CD4+ cell in contrast to lepromatous leprosy where CD8+ cells predominate. 39,40 TNF and IL-6 have been shown to be present in skin lesions of ENL while IL-4 is absent or low [41][42][43] which supports a role for Th1 type T cells.…”

Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of an acid fraction of the seeds of Carpotroche brasiliensis (Raddi) (Flacourtiaceae)

“…Common to both types of leprotic reaction are pain and swelling at sites of infection (24) and these reactions are characterized by increased inflammatory activity in nerves and skin lesions that are regulated by the synthesis of cytokines and TNF-α (6,(25)(26)(27).…”