Differential ventilatory control during constant work rate and incremental exercise

Syabbalo, Nightingale; Krishnan, Bharath; Zintel, T.; Gallagher, Charles G.

doi:10.1016/0034-5687(94)90024-8

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Different responses can also be obtained with lower-and upper-limb exercise [20] or when a cycle or treadmill is used; application of the present data should, therefore, be restricted to rapidly incremental cycle ergometry performed by sedentary subjects with little experience with cycling. Conversely, no effect of the rate of cycling was found when subjects were free to choose their own pedalling frequency [19], as was the case in the present study (see Methods section).…”

Section: Study Limitationssupporting

confidence: 45%

“…For instance, the few studies that have given reference values provided them at maximum exercise [4], or described only VT at one or two submaximal intensities [17,18]. Other experimental studies involved a small number of subjects [19,20] or narrow age ranges [21][22][23][24]. The present authors are not aware of any normative study that has looked comprehensively at the pattern and timing of breathing at several ventilatory intensities during rapidly incremental exercise in a large number of sedentary subjects of broad age range.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The pattern and timing of breathing during incremental exercise: a normative study

Neder¹,

Corso²,

Malaguti³

et al. 2003

Eur Respir J

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The pattern and timing of breathing during incremental exercise: a normative study. J.A. Neder, S. Dal Corso, C. Malaguti, S. Reis, M.B. De Fuccio, H. Schmidt, J.P. Fuld, L.E. Nery. #ERS Journals Ltd 2003. ABSTRACT: Clinical evaluation of the pattern and timing of breathing during submaximal exercise can be valuable for the identification of the mechanical ventilatory consequences of different disease processes and for assessing the efficacy of certain interventions.Sedentary individuals (60 male/60 female, aged 20-80 yrs) were randomly selected fromw8,000 subjects and submitted to ramp incremental cycle ergometry. Tidal volume (VT)/ resting inspiratory capacity, respiratory frequency, total respiratory time (Ttot), inspiratory time (TI), expiratory time (TE), duty cycle (TI/Ttot) and mean inspiratory flow (VT/TI) were analysed at selected submaximal ventilatory intensities.Senescence and female sex were associated with a more tachypnoeic breathing pattern during isoventilation. The decline in Ttot was proportional to the TI and TE reductions, i.e. TI/Ttot was remarkably constant across age strata, independent of sex. The pattern, but not timing, of breathing was also influenced by weight and height; a set of demographically and anthropometrically based prediction equations are therefore presented.These data provide a frame of reference for assessing the normality of some clinically useful indices of the pattern and timing of breathing during incremental cycle ergometry in sedentary males and females aged 20-80 yrs. Eur Respir J 2003; 21: 530-538.

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Section: Study Limitationssupporting

confidence: 45%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The pattern and timing of breathing during incremental exercise: a normative study

Neder¹,

Corso²,

Malaguti³

et al. 2003

Eur Respir J

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“…7). This tachypneic response has been described in previous studies (44) and it is typical of high-intensity constant-power cycling (45).…”

Section: Effects Of Locomotor Muscle Fatigue On Metabolic Stress and mentioning

confidence: 82%

“…However, in spite of its importance, the fundamental assumption that reduced locomotor muscle force has a negative effect on exercise performance has never been tested experimentally and remains one of the important unknowns in exercise physiology (12). Another related and still unanswered research question is whether the increased central motor command required to exercise at the same workload with fatigued locomotor muscles has a significant influence on the cardiorespiratory responses to sustained exercise (11,32,44,45).…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Locomotor muscle fatigue increases cardiorespiratory responses and reduces performance during intense cycling exercise independently from metabolic stress

Marcora¹,

Bosio²,

Morree³

2008

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

198

173

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Locomotor muscle fatigue, defined as an exercise-induced reduction in maximal voluntary force, occurs during prolonged exercise, but its effects on cardiorespiratory responses and exercise performance are unknown. In this investigation, a significant reduction in locomotor muscle force (-18%, P < 0.05) was isolated from the metabolic stress usually associated with fatiguing exercise using a 100-drop-jumps protocol consisting of one jump every 20 s from a 40-cm-high platform. The effect of this treatment on time to exhaustion during high-intensity constant-power cycling was measured in study 1 (n = 10). In study 2 (n = 14), test duration (871 +/- 280 s) was matched between fatigue and control condition (rest). In study 1, locomotor muscle fatigue caused a significant curtailment in time to exhaustion (636 +/- 278 s) compared with control (750 +/- 281 s) (P = 0.003) and increased cardiac output. Breathing frequency was significantly higher in the fatigue condition in both studies despite similar oxygen consumption and blood lactate accumulation. In study 2, high-intensity cycling did not induce further fatigue to eccentrically-fatigued locomotor muscles. In both studies, there was a significant increase in heart rate in the fatigue condition, and perceived exertion was significantly increased in study 2 compared with control. These results suggest that locomotor muscle fatigue has a significant influence on cardiorespiratory responses and exercise performance during high-intensity cycling independently from metabolic stress. These effects seem to be mediated by the increased central motor command and perception of effort required to exercise with weaker locomotor muscles.

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“…Since the subjects performed only ramplike incremental tests, it could not be inferred from our study if the breathing pattern of highly trained subjects during constant-load exercise also remains unchanged after training. Previous research has shown that breathing patterns can differ between both types of protocol [47]. Other authors have reported no major differences [48].…”

mentioning

confidence: 88%

Effects of Endurance Training on the Breathing Pattern of Professional Cyclists.

Lucı́a

Hoyos²,

Pardo³

et al. 2001

JJP

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[6][7][8]. From some of these data, it appears that physical training causes tidal volume (VT) to increase and breathing frequency ( f b ) to decrease for a given level of minute ventilation (VE). For example, extremely fit oarswomen exhibit a slower, deeper breathing pattern than less-fit oarswomen or sedentary subjects [8]. Some other cross-sectional studies, however, provide no definitive evidence of a change toward a "slower deeper breathing" with endurance training [5,7]. On the other hand, surprisingly little research has focused on analyzing the effects of training on breathing pattern by using a longitudinal design. In a prospective study, McParland and co-workers [9] reported no significant effect of shortterm activity specific endurance training (five weekly sessions of 40 min each at ϳ75% VO 2 max ) on the breathing pattern of healthy, nontrained individuals. Comparable findings were obtained by Clark et al.[10] in nontrained subjects. Recently, Miyachi and Katayama reported that the hyperventilatory response of moderately trained subjects during heavy exercise

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Differential ventilatory control during constant work rate and incremental exercise

Cited by 25 publications

References 21 publications

The pattern and timing of breathing during incremental exercise: a normative study

The pattern and timing of breathing during incremental exercise: a normative study

Locomotor muscle fatigue increases cardiorespiratory responses and reduces performance during intense cycling exercise independently from metabolic stress

Effects of Endurance Training on the Breathing Pattern of Professional Cyclists.

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