Differentially expressed gene transcripts in wheat and barley leaves upon leaf spot infection

Abstract

A cDNA library was created on the basis of transcripts that were generated during the process of infection of wheat and barley with Pyrenophora tritici-repentis or P. teres. Due to the time course of infection assays, the leaves were collected at various intervals after inoculation until 100 h after inoculation. We compared the temporal development of the two pathogens, as well as the effect of varieties of the same crop species, and differences among isolates of a single pathogen. The appressoria and vesicular structures developed more rapidly in barley varieties inoculated by P. teres than in wheat varieties inoculated by P. tritici-repentis. The lower level of susceptibility of the wheat variety Globus and the barley variety Heris to P. tritici-repentis and P. teres, respectively, was apparent from 12 h after infection. Information on changes in expression profiles during pathogenesis and on the clones that could be functionally assigned to the known gene sequences is presented. Out of the 360 transcript derived fragments (TDFs) produced in the barley-P. teres pathosystem in our trials, 62% were specific to the plant-pathogen interaction. In the wheat-P. tritici-repentis pathosystem 291 TDFs occurred, 63% were specific to the plant-pathogen interaction.

Vavilov wheat accessions provide useful sources of resistance to tan spot (syn. yellow spot) of wheat

“…Global gene expression experiments showed that numerous defence‐related genes were induced upon P. tritici‐repentis infection and ToxA treatment in wheat seedlings prior to symptom appearance; and that sensitive genotypes had more pronounced responses (i.e. hypersensitivity response as a result of loss of coordination) due to hijacking of the host's innate immunity, as compared to insensitive genotypes, highlighting the evidence of overlapping mechanisms associated with effector‐triggered immunity (ETI) and effector‐triggered susceptibility (ETS) (Adhikari et al ., ; Dumalasová et al ., ; Pandelova et al ., ). This may explain the enhanced level of resistance, induced or expressed at later developmental adult growth stages due to prior infection at an earlier stage, observed for the accessions exhibiting APR in the integrated experiment under CEC.…”

CHARACTERIZATION OF Cochliobolus sativus AND Pyrenophora teres FUNGI BELONGING TO THE LEAF SPOT COMPLEX OF BARLEY (Hordeum vulgare) ISOLATED FROM BARLEY SEEDS IN MEXICO

“…Barley plants are affected by the presence of several types of foliar pathogenic fungi, such as Ramularia collo-cygni, Pyrenophora teres, Cochliobolus sativus, Puccinia hordei and Rhynchosporium secalis, which are responsible for causing diseases (Carretero et al, 2015;Romero et al, 2020). In fact, net blotch (NB) caused by P. teres (anamorph Drechslera teres) can induce yield losses greater than 50% in barley (Statkeviciute et al, 2010;McLean and Hollaway, 2018) due to a reduction in the number of kernels per spike, grain size, and total photosynthetic leaf area (Dumalasová et al, 2012). In template regions, high rainfall (between 153 and 154 mm) aggravates the damage caused by NB (Steffenson and Webster, 1992;Wu et al, 2020).…”

“…NB has two forms differentiated by the symptoms: net form (NFNB) and spot form (SFNB). NFNB, caused by P. teres f. teres, induces horizontal and vertical crisscrossed dark brown venation on barley leaves that can become chlorotic (Dumalasová et al, 2012), whereas SFNB, caused by P. teres f. maculata, produces circular or elliptical dark brown spots surrounded by chlorotic leaf tissue (Carlsen et al, 2017).…”

“…Helminthosporium sativum), which presents a wide range of hosts in the Poaceae family (Musaed et al, 2013). C. sativus is widely distributed (Bashyal et al, 2011) and constitutes a continuous genetic group of isolates that vary in virulence and aggressiveness against several cereals and grasses (Duveiller and Altamirano, 2000). Affected crops include barley, spring wheat, rye, weeds, and other grass species (Jones et al, 1983;Wu et al, 2020).…”

“…In barley, C. sativus causes different diseases such as black point, common root rot, and spot blotch, which can affect both plants and/or seeds (Kumar et al, 2002;Manamgoda et al, 2014;Romero et al, 2020;Al-Sadi, 2021). Severity of attack and damage caused to the crop is greater in soils with poor fertility, and high temperature and humidity conditions (Duveiller and Altamirano, 2000;Savary et al, 2011;Kumar et al, 2020).…”